Hoelscher Deanna M, Barroso Cristina, Springer Andrew, Castrucci Brian, Kelder Steven H
Michael & Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Healthy Living, Austin Regional Campus, University of Texas School of Public Health, USA.
J Phys Act Health. 2009 Sep;6(5):535-47. doi: 10.1123/jpah.6.5.535.
Few studies have compared physical activity (PA) and sedentary activity (SA) by grade and ethnicity, specifically including elementary school students. A cross-sectional probability-based design was used to provide data by ethnicity (African American, Hispanic, and White/Other), gender, and grade (4th, 8th, and 11th) from 2000 to 2002.
Two validated questionnaires (elementary and secondary) assessed self-reported PA and SA. Point-prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were computed.
Over 70% of students reported vigorous PA on > or = 3 days/week, but < 50% participated in daily physical education. A significant percentage (30% to 50%) of students reported > or = 3 hours per day in SA. Fourth-grade boys and girls reported equal PA; however, 8th and 11th grade girls reported lowered vigorous PA. African American 8th- and 11th-grade boys reported the highest PA, but African American children also reported the highest prevalence of SA.
Findings from this study highlight the disparities in physical and sedentary activities by gender, grade, and race/ethnicity, and the need to address these differences with programs and policy. In general, grade level and gender differences were more striking and consistent than racial/ethnic differences.
很少有研究按年级和种族对身体活动（PA）和久坐活动（SA）进行比较，特别是针对小学生。2000年至2002年采用基于概率的横断面设计，按种族（非裔美国人、西班牙裔和白人/其他）、性别和年级（四年级、八年级和十一年级）提供数据。
两份经过验证的问卷（小学和中学问卷）评估自我报告的PA和SA。计算点患病率估计值和95%置信区间。
超过70%的学生报告每周至少3天进行剧烈PA，但参加日常体育教育的学生不到50%。相当比例（30%至50%）的学生报告每天进行SA的时间≥3小时。四年级男生和女生报告的PA水平相当；然而，八年级和十一年级女生报告的剧烈PA水平较低。非裔美国八年级和十一年级男生报告的PA最高，但非裔美国儿童报告的SA患病率也最高。
本研究结果突出了身体活动和久坐活动在性别、年级和种族/民族方面的差异，以及通过项目和政策解决这些差异的必要性。总体而言，年级水平和性别差异比种族/民族差异更为显著和一致。
