Department of Preventive Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Acad Pediatr. 2012 Nov-Dec;12(6):481-8. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2012.06.014. Epub 2012 Sep 15.
To examine racial/ethnic differences in diet and physical activity behaviors in ethnic minority New York City children.
Cross-sectional data from a community-based study of 486 6- to 8-year-old children were used. Race/ethnicity was derived using a caregiver's report of child's race and Hispanic ancestry. Dietary intake was obtained by 24-hour diet recalls using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Physical activity was assessed with pedometers and caregiver interviews. We compared diet and activity measures across racial/ethnic subgroups using chi-square and analysis of variance tests. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and caregiver education (with breastfeeding history and total energy intake included in diet models).
Participants (N = 486) were categorized as Mexican (29.4%), Dominican (8.4%), Puerto Rican (20.6%), other/mixed Hispanic (14.0%), or non-Hispanic black (27.6%). Obesity rates were lower in non-Hispanic blacks (18%) than in Hispanics (31%). Mexicans had the lowest obesity rates among Hispanic subgroups (25%), and Dominicans had the highest (39%). There were differences in mean daily servings of food groups, with Mexicans having healthier diets and Puerto Ricans and non-Hispanic Blacks having less healthy diets. Sedentary time was lower in Mexicans than in other groups in adjusted models. Examination of additional models, including home language, did not show significant differences in the estimates.
Diet and activity behaviors varied across racial/ethnic subgroups. Specifically, Mexican children had healthier diets, the least amount of sedentary time, and the lowest rates of obesity among the Hispanic subgroups examined. Targeted interventions in ethnic subgroups may be warranted to address specific behaviors.
研究纽约市少数族裔儿童的饮食和身体活动行为的种族/民族差异。
使用基于社区的研究的横断面数据，该研究纳入了 486 名 6 至 8 岁的儿童。种族/民族是通过照顾者报告孩子的种族和西班牙裔祖先得出的。饮食摄入通过使用研究营养数据系统的 24 小时饮食回忆来获取。身体活动通过计步器和照顾者访谈进行评估。我们使用卡方检验和方差分析检验了种族/民族亚组之间的饮食和活动措施的差异。多变量分析调整了年龄、性别、体重指数和照顾者教育程度（将母乳喂养史和总能量摄入纳入饮食模型）。
参与者（N=486）分为墨西哥裔（29.4%）、多米尼加裔（8.4%）、波多黎各裔（20.6%）、其他/混合西班牙裔（14.0%）或非西班牙裔黑人（27.6%）。非西班牙裔黑人的肥胖率（18%）低于西班牙裔（31%）。在西班牙裔亚组中，墨西哥裔的肥胖率最低（25%），而多米尼加裔的肥胖率最高（39%）。食物组的平均每日摄入量存在差异，墨西哥裔的饮食更健康，波多黎各裔和非西班牙裔黑人的饮食不太健康。调整模型中，墨西哥裔的久坐时间低于其他组。在包括家庭语言的其他模型中，估计值没有显示出显著差异。
饮食和活动行为在种族/民族亚组之间存在差异。具体而言，在研究的西班牙裔亚组中，墨西哥裔儿童的饮食更健康，久坐时间最短，肥胖率最低。针对特定亚组的目标干预措施可能是必要的，以解决特定行为问题。
