Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Aug;29(4):387-96. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719856.
The purpose of this study was to examine prevalence rates of 5 types of beverage consumption by sociodemographic factors among 4th-, 8th-, and 11th-grade public school students in Texas.
This study is based on secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the 2004-2005 School Physical Activity and Nutrition study, a comprehensive surveillance study of energy balance-related behaviors and behavioral antecedents in a state-representative sample of 4th-, 8th-, and 11th-grade public school students in Texas (N = 23,190). Previous-day beverage consumption prevalence estimates were calculated for 5 types of beverages (i.e., fruit-flavored drinks, regular sodas, diet sodas, milk, and 100% fruit juice) by grade level, gender, ethnicity, school-level socioeconomic status, and metropolitan status. Logistic regression estimates of consumption prevalence were obtained for important sociodemographic indicators, including sex, grade, and ethnicity. Adjusted Wald tests were used to derive significance tests for sex differences in consumption, as sex emerged as a key determinant of consumption prevalence and varied systematically by type of beverage.
The most commonly consumed beverage by all participants was milk. However, more than 50% of students also reported regular soda and fruit-flavored drink consumption during the previous day. Milk and fruit juice consumption showed a steady decline with grade level, while consumption of regular soda increased with grade level. By 11th grade, the prevalence of any beverage consumption, including milk and juice, was significantly greater among boys. Ethnic differences in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were most prevalent in 8th and 11th grades, with the highest estimated prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverages (i.e., fruit-flavored drink and regular soda) consumption among African Americans. Differences in beverage consumption by school-level socioeconomic status and metropolitan status were small.
These findings indicate that a large proportion of public elementary students in Texas are consuming sugar-sweetened beverages and that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages varies by a range of sociodemographic factors. Given the important link between sugar-sweetened beverages and obesity in children, these findings can be used to tailor obesity prevention efforts to specific subpopulations for the promotion of healthier beverage consumption.
本研究旨在通过德克萨斯州 4 至 11 年级公立学校学生的社会人口学因素，研究 5 种饮料消费的流行率。
本研究基于 2004-2005 年学校体育活动和营养研究的二次分析，这是一项针对德克萨斯州具有代表性的 4 至 11 年级公立学校学生的能量平衡相关行为和行为前因的综合监测研究（N=23190）。通过年级、性别、种族、学校社会经济地位和都市区，计算了 5 种饮料（即果味饮料、普通苏打水、无糖苏打水、牛奶和 100%纯果汁）的前一天饮料消费流行率估计值。使用逻辑回归估计了重要社会人口学指标（包括性别、年级和种族）的消费流行率。调整后的 Wald 检验用于获得性别在消费方面差异的显著性检验，因为性别是消费流行率的关键决定因素，并且因饮料类型而异。
所有参与者最常消费的饮料是牛奶。然而，超过 50%的学生也报告在前一天饮用普通苏打水和果味饮料。随着年级的升高，牛奶和果汁的消费呈下降趋势，而普通苏打水的消费则随着年级的升高而增加。到 11 年级时，男孩饮用任何饮料（包括牛奶和果汁）的流行率明显更高。在 8 年级和 11 年级，含糖饮料消费的种族差异最为明显，非裔美国人的含糖饮料（即果味饮料和普通苏打水）消费率最高。饮料消费按学校社会经济地位和大都市区划分的差异较小。
这些发现表明，德克萨斯州很大一部分公立小学生都在饮用含糖饮料，而且含糖饮料的消费因一系列社会人口学因素而异。鉴于含糖饮料与儿童肥胖之间的重要联系，这些发现可用于针对特定亚人群制定肥胖预防措施，以促进更健康的饮料消费。
