Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452 PO Box 741, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Bioresour Technol. 2010 Mar;101(6):1927-34. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.039. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
Chemical and spectroscopic methods were used to characterize organic matter transformations during the composting process. Four different residue mixtures were studied: P1--garden trimmings (GT) only, P2 - GT plus fresh cattle manure, P3--GT plus orange pomace and P4--GT plus filter cake. The thermophilic phase was not reached in P1 compost, but the P2, P3 and P4 composts showed all three typical process phases. The thermophilic phase and CEC/C ratio stabilized after 90 days, while C/N ratio and the ash content stabilized after 60 days. The increasing E(4)/E(6) ratio indicated oxidation reactions occurring during the process in the material from P2, P3 and P4. The (13)C NMR and FTIR results suggested extraction of both pectin and lignin in the HA-like fraction. The CEC/C ratio, temperature and E(4)/E(6) ratio showed that within 90 days P2, P3 and P4 composts were humified. However, material from P1 did not show characteristics of humified compost. From these data, it is apparent that C/N ratio and ash content are not reliable methods for monitoring the composting process.
采用化学和光谱方法来表征堆肥过程中有机物的转化。研究了四种不同的残渣混合物：P1-仅园艺修剪物（GT），P2-GT 加新鲜牛粪，P3-GT 加橙渣，P4-GT 加滤饼。P1 堆肥未达到高温期，但 P2、P3 和 P4 堆肥均显示出三个典型的过程阶段。高温期和 CEC/C 比在 90 天后稳定，而 C/N 比和灰分含量在 60 天后稳定。E(4)/E(6) 比值的增加表明在 P2、P3 和 P4 材料的过程中发生了氧化反应。(13)C NMR 和 FTIR 结果表明，在 HA 类似物部分中提取了果胶和木质素。CEC/C 比、温度和 E(4)/E(6) 比值表明，在 90 天内，P2、P3 和 P4 堆肥已经腐殖化。然而，P1 材料没有显示腐殖化堆肥的特征。从这些数据可以明显看出，C/N 比和灰分含量不是监测堆肥过程的可靠方法。
