Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Oncogene. 2008 Dec;27 Suppl 2:S19-30. doi: 10.1038/onc.2009.350.
Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) and canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) are the only known naturally occurring clonally transmissible cancers. These cancers are transmitted by the physical transfer of viable tumor cells that can be transplanted across histocompatibility barriers into unrelated hosts. Despite their common etiology, DFTD and CTVT have evolved independently and have unique life histories and host adaptations. DFTD is a recently emerged aggressive facial tumor that is threatening the Tasmanian devil with extinction. CTVT is a sexually transmitted tumor of dogs that has a worldwide distribution and that probably arose thousands of years ago. By contrasting the biology, molecular genetics and immunology of these two unusual cancers, I highlight the common and unique features of clonally transmissible cancers, and discuss the implications of clonally transmissible cancers for host-pathogen evolution.
塔斯马尼亚恶魔面部肿瘤病（DFTD）和犬传染性性病肿瘤（CTVT）是仅有的两种已知的自然发生的克隆性可传播癌症。这些癌症通过可移植到组织相容性障碍中的存活肿瘤细胞的物理转移在不同宿主之间传播。尽管它们具有共同的病因，但 DFTD 和 CTVT 是独立进化的，具有独特的生命史和宿主适应性。DFTD 是一种最近出现的侵袭性面部肿瘤，正在威胁着塔斯马尼亚恶魔的灭绝。CTVT 是一种犬的性传播肿瘤，分布于全球，可能在几千年前就已经出现了。通过对比这两种不寻常癌症的生物学、分子遗传学和免疫学，我强调了克隆性可传播癌症的共同和独特特征，并讨论了克隆性可传播癌症对宿主-病原体进化的影响。
