Jablonka Eva
The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
Interface Focus. 2017 Oct 6;7(5):20160135. doi: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0135. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis (MS) forged in the mid-twentieth century was built on a notion of heredity that excluded soft inheritance, the inheritance of the effects of developmental modifications. However, the discovery of molecular mechanisms that generate random and developmentally induced epigenetic variations is leading to a broadening of the notion of biological heredity that has consequences for ideas about evolution. After presenting some old challenges to the MS that were raised, among others, by Karl Popper, I discuss recent research on epigenetic inheritance, which provides experimental and theoretical support for these challenges. There is now good evidence that epigenetic inheritance is ubiquitous and is involved in adaptive evolution and macroevolution. I argue that the many evolutionary consequences of epigenetic inheritance open up new research areas and require the extension of the evolutionary synthesis beyond the current neo-Darwinian model.
二十世纪中叶形成的现代进化综合理论（MS）建立在一种遗传观念之上，这种观念排除了软遗传，即发育修饰效应的遗传。然而，产生随机且发育诱导的表观遗传变异的分子机制的发现，正在导致生物遗传观念的拓宽，这对进化观念产生了影响。在提出一些由卡尔·波普尔等人对现代进化综合理论提出的旧挑战之后，我讨论了最近关于表观遗传遗传的研究，这些研究为这些挑战提供了实验和理论支持。现在有充分的证据表明表观遗传遗传无处不在，并且参与适应性进化和宏观进化。我认为，表观遗传遗传的许多进化后果开辟了新的研究领域，并且需要将进化综合理论扩展到当前的新达尔文模型之外。
