Cohen Michael X, van Gaal Simon, Ridderinkhof K Richard, Lamme Victor A F
Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2009 Nov 24;3:54. doi: 10.3389/neuro.09.054.2009. eCollection 2009.
The medial prefrontal cortex (MFC) is critical for our ability to learn from previous mistakes. Here we provide evidence that neurophysiological oscillatory long-range synchrony is a mechanism of post-error adaptation that occurs even without conscious awareness of the error. During a visually signaled Go/No-Go task in which half of the No-Go cues were masked and thus not consciously perceived, response errors enhanced tonic (i.e., over 1-2 s) oscillatory synchrony between MFC and occipital cortex (OCC) leading up to and during the subsequent trial. Spectral Granger causality analyses demonstrated that MFC --> OCC directional synchrony was enhanced during trials following both conscious and unconscious errors, whereas transient stimulus-induced occipital --> MFC directional synchrony was independent of errors in the previous trial. Further, the strength of pre-trial MFC-occipital synchrony predicted individual differences in task performance. Together, these findings suggest that synchronous neurophysiological oscillations are a plausible mechanism of MFC-driven cognitive control that is independent of conscious awareness.
内侧前额叶皮质（MFC）对于我们从既往错误中学习的能力至关重要。在此，我们提供证据表明，神经生理振荡性长程同步是错误后适应的一种机制，即使在没有对错误的意识觉知情况下也会发生。在一项视觉信号提示的“Go/No-Go”任务中，其中一半的“不执行”提示被掩盖，因此未被有意识地感知到，反应错误增强了MFC与枕叶皮质（OCC）之间的紧张性（即1 - 2秒以上）振荡同步，这种同步在后续试验之前及期间都会出现。频谱格兰杰因果分析表明，在有意识和无意识错误后的试验中，MFC→OCC方向同步均增强，而短暂的刺激诱发的枕叶→MFC方向同步与前一次试验中的错误无关。此外，试验前MFC - 枕叶同步的强度可预测任务表现的个体差异。总之，这些发现表明，同步神经生理振荡是MFC驱动的认知控制的一种合理机制，且独立于意识觉知。
