Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
PLoS Genet. 2009 Nov;5(11):e1000734. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000734. Epub 2009 Nov 20.
Following the domestication of maize over the past approximately 10,000 years, breeders have exploited the extensive genetic diversity of this species to mold its phenotype to meet human needs. The extent of structural variation, including copy number variation (CNV) and presence/absence variation (PAV), which are thought to contribute to the extraordinary phenotypic diversity and plasticity of this important crop, have not been elucidated. Whole-genome, array-based, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) revealed a level of structural diversity between the inbred lines B73 and Mo17 that is unprecedented among higher eukaryotes. A detailed analysis of altered segments of DNA conservatively estimates that there are several hundred CNV sequences among the two genotypes, as well as several thousand PAV sequences that are present in B73 but not Mo17. Haplotype-specific PAVs contain hundreds of single-copy, expressed genes that may contribute to heterosis and to the extraordinary phenotypic diversity of this important crop.
在过去大约一万年的玉米驯化过程中，培育者利用了该物种广泛的遗传多样性，来塑造其表型以满足人类的需求。结构变异的程度，包括拷贝数变异（CNV）和存在/缺失变异（PAV），被认为有助于这种重要作物的非凡表型多样性和可塑性，但尚未阐明。全基因组、基于阵列的比较基因组杂交（CGH）揭示了自交系 B73 和 Mo17 之间的结构多样性水平，在高等真核生物中是前所未有的。对 DNA 改变片段的详细分析保守估计，在这两个基因型中存在数百个 CNV 序列，以及数千个 PAV 序列存在于 B73 但不存在于 Mo17 中。单倍型特异性 PAV 包含数百个单拷贝、表达的基因，这些基因可能有助于杂种优势和这种重要作物的非凡表型多样性。
