Schnable Patrick S, Ware Doreen, Fulton Robert S, Stein Joshua C, Wei Fusheng, Pasternak Shiran, Liang Chengzhi, Zhang Jianwei, Fulton Lucinda, Graves Tina A, Minx Patrick, Reily Amy Denise, Courtney Laura, Kruchowski Scott S, Tomlinson Chad, Strong Cindy, Delehaunty Kim, Fronick Catrina, Courtney Bill, Rock Susan M, Belter Eddie, Du Feiyu, Kim Kyung, Abbott Rachel M, Cotton Marc, Levy Andy, Marchetto Pamela, Ochoa Kerri, Jackson Stephanie M, Gillam Barbara, Chen Weizu, Yan Le, Higginbotham Jamey, Cardenas Marco, Waligorski Jason, Applebaum Elizabeth, Phelps Lindsey, Falcone Jason, Kanchi Krishna, Thane Thynn, Scimone Adam, Thane Nay, Henke Jessica, Wang Tom, Ruppert Jessica, Shah Neha, Rotter Kelsi, Hodges Jennifer, Ingenthron Elizabeth, Cordes Matt, Kohlberg Sara, Sgro Jennifer, Delgado Brandon, Mead Kelly, Chinwalla Asif, Leonard Shawn, Crouse Kevin, Collura Kristi, Kudrna Dave, Currie Jennifer, He Ruifeng, Angelova Angelina, Rajasekar Shanmugam, Mueller Teri, Lomeli Rene, Scara Gabriel, Ko Ara, Delaney Krista, Wissotski Marina, Lopez Georgina, Campos David, Braidotti Michele, Ashley Elizabeth, Golser Wolfgang, Kim HyeRan, Lee Seunghee, Lin Jinke, Dujmic Zeljko, Kim Woojin, Talag Jayson, Zuccolo Andrea, Fan Chuanzhu, Sebastian Aswathy, Kramer Melissa, Spiegel Lori, Nascimento Lidia, Zutavern Theresa, Miller Beth, Ambroise Claude, Muller Stephanie, Spooner Will, Narechania Apurva, Ren Liya, Wei Sharon, Kumari Sunita, Faga Ben, Levy Michael J, McMahan Linda, Van Buren Peter, Vaughn Matthew W, Ying Kai, Yeh Cheng-Ting, Emrich Scott J, Jia Yi, Kalyanaraman Ananth, Hsia An-Ping, Barbazuk W Brad, Baucom Regina S, Brutnell Thomas P, Carpita Nicholas C, Chaparro Cristian, Chia Jer-Ming, Deragon Jean-Marc, Estill James C, Fu Yan, Jeddeloh Jeffrey A, Han Yujun, Lee Hyeran, Li Pinghua, Lisch Damon R, Liu Sanzhen, Liu Zhijie, Nagel Dawn Holligan, McCann Maureen C, SanMiguel Phillip, Myers Alan M, Nettleton Dan, Nguyen John, Penning Bryan W, Ponnala Lalit, Schneider Kevin L, Schwartz David C, Sharma Anupma, Soderlund Carol, Springer Nathan M, Sun Qi, Wang Hao, Waterman Michael, Westerman Richard, Wolfgruber Thomas K, Yang Lixing, Yu Yeisoo, Zhang Lifang, Zhou Shiguo, Zhu Qihui, Bennetzen Jeffrey L, Dawe R Kelly, Jiang Jiming, Jiang Ning, Presting Gernot G, Wessler Susan R, Aluru Srinivas, Martienssen Robert A, Clifton Sandra W, McCombie W Richard, Wing Rod A, Wilson Richard K
Center for Plant Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1112-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1178534.
We report an improved draft nucleotide sequence of the 2.3-gigabase genome of maize, an important crop plant and model for biological research. Over 32,000 genes were predicted, of which 99.8% were placed on reference chromosomes. Nearly 85% of the genome is composed of hundreds of families of transposable elements, dispersed nonuniformly across the genome. These were responsible for the capture and amplification of numerous gene fragments and affect the composition, sizes, and positions of centromeres. We also report on the correlation of methylation-poor regions with Mu transposon insertions and recombination, and copy number variants with insertions and/or deletions, as well as how uneven gene losses between duplicated regions were involved in returning an ancient allotetraploid to a genetically diploid state. These analyses inform and set the stage for further investigations to improve our understanding of the domestication and agricultural improvements of maize.
我们报告了玉米23亿碱基基因组的改良核苷酸序列草图，玉米是一种重要的农作物，也是生物学研究的模式植物。预测出了超过32000个基因，其中99.8%被定位到参考染色体上。近85%的基因组由数百个转座元件家族组成，它们在基因组中分布不均。这些转座元件导致了众多基因片段的捕获和扩增，并影响着着丝粒的组成、大小和位置。我们还报告了低甲基化区域与Mu转座子插入及重组的相关性，以及插入和/或缺失导致的拷贝数变异，以及重复区域间不均衡的基因丢失是如何参与使古老的异源四倍体恢复到遗传二倍体状态的。这些分析为进一步研究提供了信息并奠定了基础，有助于增进我们对玉米驯化和农业改良的理解。
