Rungsiwongse J, Ratanabanangkoon K
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
J Immunol Methods. 1991 Jan 24;136(1):37-43. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(91)90247-d.
An ELISA for the quantitation of antibodies against Naja naja siamensis venom proteins has been developed for use as a possible replacement for the in vivo neutralization assay of antivenom potency. Comparison was made with three preparations of venom proteins as antigens of ELISA: these were the crude venom, a toxin fraction and the purified principle postsynaptic neurotoxin of the Thai cobra. Eight batches of horse monovalent therapeutic anti-cobra antivenom, one of which served as positive reference, were assayed by the ELISAs and also by the in vivo neutralization assay using mice. When crude venom, the toxin fraction and the pure neurotoxin were used as antigens in the ELISAs, the correlation coefficients between the ELISA antibody titers and in vivo neutralization of the antivenoms were 0.82 (P less than 0.005), 0.94 (P less than 0.001) and 0.95 (P less than 0.001), respectively. Thus, the ELISA which measures only the antibody against the principle toxin of the snake venom should be most suitable for use as an in vitro assay of antivenom potency. The ELISA should also be useful for potency assessment and standardization of antivenoms against other elapid snake venoms whose lethal components are small, poorly immunogenic peptides.
已开发出一种用于定量检测抗眼镜蛇泰国亚种毒液蛋白抗体的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），以用作抗蛇毒血清效力体内中和试验的可能替代方法。将三种毒液蛋白制剂作为ELISA抗原进行了比较：即粗毒液、一种毒素组分和泰国眼镜蛇的纯化主要突触后神经毒素。通过ELISA以及使用小鼠的体内中和试验，对八批马单价治疗性抗眼镜蛇抗蛇毒血清进行了检测，其中一批用作阳性对照。当在ELISA中使用粗毒液、毒素组分和纯神经毒素作为抗原时，ELISA抗体效价与抗蛇毒血清体内中和之间的相关系数分别为0.82（P<0.005）、0.94（P<0.001）和0.95（P<0.001）。因此，仅检测针对蛇毒主要毒素抗体的ELISA最适合用作抗蛇毒血清效力的体外检测方法。该ELISA对于评估针对其他致死成分是小的、免疫原性差的肽的眼镜蛇科蛇毒的抗蛇毒血清的效力和标准化也应是有用的。
