Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
J Med Entomol. 2009 Nov;46(6):1344-54. doi: 10.1603/033.046.0613.
Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera, Culicidae) is the main vector of dengue and yellow fever. In Argentina, the species was apparently eradicated approximately in 1964; by 1986, it was reintroduced. To identify different gene pools in geographical populations of the species and to ascertain the possible routes of colonization, we analyzed the diversity of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in 572 specimens from Argentina and neighboring countries. We found that the restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction screening of a large DNA fragment including the A+T-rich region was the best strategy to reconstruct the colonization pattern ofAe. aegypti in Argentina. Twenty haplotypes were recognized; levels of genetic similarity varied among populations from different geographical locations. The haplotype network constructed on the basis of genetic distances showed three well differentiated groups. Two of them exhibited a well defined spatial distribution and populations in these groups presented an isolation-by-distance pattern. The persistence of relictual populations after the last eradication campaigns would explain the high levels of haplotype diversity and the presence of exclusive haplotypes in urban centers from northwestern Argentina. Eastern Argentine populations showed one prevalent haplotype, also predominant in Brazil and Paraguay. Our results highlight the need for efficient surveys and control campaigns, given the strong effect of land trade on genetic exchange among mosquito populations from Argentina and neighboring countries where dengue is endemic.
埃及伊蚊（双翅目，蚊科）是登革热和黄热病的主要传播媒介。在阿根廷，该物种大约在 1964 年被彻底消灭；到 1986 年，它又重新出现。为了确定该物种在地理种群中的不同基因库，并确定可能的传播途径，我们分析了来自阿根廷和邻国的 572 个标本的线粒体 DNA 单倍型多样性。我们发现，对包括 A+T 丰富区在内的大片段 DNA 进行限制片段长度多态性-聚合酶链反应筛选是重建阿根廷埃及伊蚊传播模式的最佳策略。共识别出 20 种单倍型；不同地理位置的种群遗传相似性水平不同。基于遗传距离构建的单倍型网络显示出三个分化良好的群体。其中两个群体具有明确的空间分布，这些群体中的种群呈现出距离隔离模式。在最后一次根除运动后，残余种群的持续存在将解释为什么在阿根廷西北部的城市中心会出现高水平的单倍型多样性和特有单倍型。阿根廷东部的种群表现出一种主要的单倍型，这种单倍型在巴西和巴拉圭也很常见。我们的研究结果强调了进行有效调查和控制运动的必要性，因为土地贸易对阿根廷和邻国蚊种群之间的遗传交流有很强的影响，这些国家都是登革热的流行地区。
