Centre for Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom.
Prev Vet Med. 2010 Mar 1;93(4):276-85. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.11.005. Epub 2009 Dec 5.
The implementation of disease control programs on farms requires an act of behavioral change. This study presents a theoretical framework from behavioral science, combined with basic epidemiological principles to investigate and explain the control of zoonotic agents on cattle farms. A pathway to disease control model was adapted from existing models in behavioral science and human medicine. Field data was used to demonstrate the validity of the model to identify and explain motivational factors for implementation of disease control programs among English and Welsh cattle farmers. The field data consisted of interviews conducted with 43 farmers, which were analyzed to investigate the farmers' perception of responsibility for safe cattle produce as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers that inhibited the implementation of a zoonotic control program on their farms. The model was used to illustrate barriers affecting the implementation process and to classify farmers according to their current level of zoonotic control at each stage within the model. Ordinal multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the motivators associated with different levels of implementation. Younger farmers and/or larger herds were more likely to place financial responsibility upon the industry rather than government and all but two farmers accepted a social responsibility for food safety within cattle production. In general, attitudes towards zoonotic control were positive, but approximately half the farmers showed no intent to control and were inhibited by non-supportive social norms and/or a lack of belief in self-efficacy. The remaining farmers showed intent to control, but had not implemented any structured control program due to external barriers including lack of knowledge and both cultural and economic pressure from society and industry. The farmers with no intent to adopt control measures identified their private veterinarian as the preferred motivator, whereas consumer-demand and financial rewards or penalties were significantly associated with farmers who intended to control.
农场疾病控制项目的实施需要行为改变。本研究结合行为科学的基本原理，提出了一个理论框架，以调查和解释牛场人畜共患病控制措施的实施。从行为科学和人类医学中的现有模型中改编了一种疾病控制模型途径。利用现场数据来验证模型的有效性，以确定和解释英国和威尔士养牛农民实施疾病控制计划的动机因素。现场数据包括对 43 名农民进行的访谈，对这些访谈进行了分析，以调查农民对安全牛产品的责任意识，以及抑制其农场实施人畜共患病控制计划的内在和外在障碍。该模型用于说明影响实施过程的障碍，并根据模型中每个阶段的当前人畜共患病控制水平对农民进行分类。使用有序多变量逻辑回归来确定与不同实施水平相关的激励因素。年轻的农民和/或更大的畜群更倾向于将财务责任归咎于行业，而不是政府，除了两名农民之外，所有农民都接受了在牛生产中对食品安全的社会责任。总的来说，对人畜共患病控制的态度是积极的，但大约一半的农民没有控制意图，并且受到不支持的社会规范和/或对自我效能的缺乏信念的抑制。其余的农民表现出控制意图，但由于缺乏知识以及来自社会和行业的文化和经济压力等外部障碍，尚未实施任何结构化的控制计划。没有采用控制措施意图的农民将他们的私人兽医确定为首选激励因素，而消费者需求以及财务奖励或罚款与打算控制的农民显著相关。
