Implementation of a fast reconfigurable array for tissue impedance characterization.

Various tissue properties have been used in the past and present as metrics which can serve to discriminate healthy from diseased tissue. Electromagnetic absorption (of x-rays and optical signals), scattering of near-infrared light, and electrical impedance are a few such parameters. In order to serve as discriminants for diseased (e.g., neoplastic) tissue, the characteristics of these tissues must first be precisely determined. In this paper, we consider the electrical impedance properties of tissues and cell aggregates, and present the design of a reconfigurable electrode array which is capable of providing a well-defined electromagnetic interface to the tissue under study, for characterization in the 0.01-30 MHz range. The configuration of array elements may be easily changed under digital control, allowing for various electromagnetic field configurations to be applied to the tissue under study. The array is designed to interface to four-point as well as two-point impedance instrumentation, and may be used for two-dimensional bioimaging systems based on electrical impedances. The design may be scaled to higher frequencies and smaller dimensions, allowing for studies of electrical properties at the cellular level.