Dept of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2010 Aug;100(8):1485-92. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.159517. Epub 2009 Nov 17.
To improve measurement of discrimination for health research, we sought to address the concern that explicit self-reports of racial discrimination may not capture unconscious cognition.
We used 2 assessment tools in our Web-based study: a new application of the Implicit Association Test, a computer-based reaction-time test that measures the strength of association between an individual's self or group and being a victim or perpetrator of racial discrimination, and a validated explicit self-report measure of racial discrimination.
Among the 442 US-born non-Hispanic Black participants, the explicit and implicit measures, as hypothesized, were weakly correlated and tended to be independently associated with risk of hypertension among persons with less than a college degree. Adjustments for both measures eliminated the significantly greater risk for Blacks than for Whites (odds ratio = 1.4), reducing it to 1.1 (95% confidence interval = 0.7, 1.7).
Our results suggest that the scientific rigor of research on racism and health will be improved by investigating how both unconscious and conscious mental awareness of having experienced discrimination matter for somatic and mental health.
为了提高健康研究中歧视的衡量准确性,我们试图解决一个问题,即明确的种族歧视自我报告可能无法捕捉到无意识认知。
我们在网络研究中使用了两种评估工具:一种是内隐联想测验的新应用,这是一种基于计算机的反应时间测试,用于衡量个体自我或群体与作为种族歧视受害者或施害者之间的关联强度;另一种是经过验证的种族歧视显性自我报告测量工具。
在 442 名美国出生的非西班牙裔黑人参与者中,显性和隐性测量方法如假设的那样,相关性较弱,并且倾向于与未受过大学教育者的高血压风险独立相关。对这两个指标进行调整消除了黑人比白人患病风险显著更高(比值比=1.4)的情况,将其降低到 1.1(95%置信区间=0.7,1.7)。
我们的研究结果表明,通过调查经历歧视的无意识和有意识的心理意识如何影响身体健康和心理健康,可以提高种族主义和健康研究的科学严谨性。