Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Apr;11(2):783-807. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01561-1. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Racial discrimination has been identified as a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among racial/ethnic minority groups; however, there is no synthesis of current knowledge on the association between discrimination and cardiometabolic diseases. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize evidence linking racial/ethnic discrimination and cardiometabolic diseases.
The review was conducted based on studies identified via electronic searches of 5 databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, WorldWideScience.org, ResearchGate and Microsoft Academic) using terms related to discrimination and cardiometabolic disease.
Of the 123 eligible studies included in the review, 87 were cross-sectional, 25 longitudinal, 8 quasi-experimental, 2 randomized controlled trials and 1 case-control. Cardiometabolic disease outcomes discussed were hypertension (n = 46), cardiovascular disease (n = 40), obesity (n = 12), diabetes (n = 11), metabolic syndrome (n = 9), and chronic kidney disease (n = 5). Although a variety of discrimination measures was employed across the studies, the Everyday Discrimination Scale was used most often (32.5%). African Americans/Blacks were the most frequently studied racial/ethnic group (53.1%), and American Indians the least (0.02%). Significant associations between racial/ethnic discrimination and cardiometabolic disease were found in 73.2% of the studies.
Racial/ethnic discrimination is positively associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease and higher levels of cardiometabolic biomarkers. Identifying racial/ethnic discrimination as a potential key contributor to the health inequities associated with cardiometabolic diseases is important for addressing the significant burden borne by racial/ethnic minorities.
种族歧视已被确定为心血管代谢疾病的一个风险因素，而心血管代谢疾病是导致少数族裔发病率和死亡率的主要原因；然而，目前关于歧视与心血管代谢疾病之间关联的知识综合尚未形成。本系统综述的目的是总结将种族/民族歧视与心血管代谢疾病联系起来的证据。
综述基于通过电子搜索 5 个数据库（PubMed、Google Scholar、WorldWideScience.org、ResearchGate 和 Microsoft Academic）中与歧视和心血管代谢疾病相关的术语识别的研究进行。
在本综述中纳入的 123 项合格研究中，87 项为横断面研究，25 项为纵向研究，8 项为准实验研究，2 项为随机对照试验，1 项为病例对照研究。讨论的心血管代谢疾病结局包括高血压（n=46）、心血管疾病（n=40）、肥胖症（n=12）、糖尿病（n=11）、代谢综合征（n=9）和慢性肾病（n=5）。尽管研究中使用了多种歧视措施，但最常用的是日常歧视量表（32.5%）。非洲裔美国人/黑人是研究最多的种族/民族群体（53.1%），而美洲印第安人最少（0.02%）。种族/民族歧视与心血管代谢疾病之间存在显著关联，在 73.2%的研究中发现了这种关联。
种族/民族歧视与心血管代谢疾病风险增加和心血管代谢生物标志物水平升高呈正相关。将种族/民族歧视确定为与心血管代谢疾病相关的健康不平等的潜在关键因素，对于解决少数族裔所承受的巨大负担非常重要。
