Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Mem Cognit. 2010 Jan;38(1):29-41. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.1.29.
Previous studies in which the effects of emotional valence on old-new discrimination and source memory have been examined have yielded highly inconsistent results. Here, we present two experiments showing that old-new face discrimination was not affected by whether a face was associated with disgusting, pleasant, or neutral behavior. In contrast, source memory for faces associated with disgusting behavior (i.e., memory for the disgusting context in which the face was encountered) was consistently better than source memory for other types of faces. This data pattern replicates the findings of studies in which descriptions of cheating, neutral, and trustworthy behavior were used, which findings were previously ascribed to a highly specific cheater detection module. The present results suggest that the enhanced source memory for faces of cheaters is due to a more general source memory advantage for faces associated with negative or threatening contexts that may be instrumental in avoiding the negative consequences of encounters with persons associated with negative or threatening behaviors.
先前研究情绪效价对新旧辨别和来源记忆的影响，得到的结果高度不一致。在这里，我们呈现两个实验，结果表明，新旧面孔辨别不受面孔与恶心、愉快或中性行为相关联的影响。相比之下，与恶心行为相关联的面孔的来源记忆（即，在遇到面孔的恶心背景下的记忆）始终优于其他类型面孔的来源记忆。这种数据模式复制了先前使用欺骗、中性和可信赖行为描述的研究结果，这些发现以前归因于一个高度特定的欺骗者检测模块。本研究结果表明，对欺骗者面孔的增强来源记忆是由于与负面或威胁性情境相关联的面孔的更一般来源记忆优势所致，这种优势可能有助于避免与具有负面或威胁性行为的人相遇的负面后果。
