Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2018 Jun;25(3):1129-1137. doi: 10.3758/s13423-017-1345-1.
A popular assumption in evolutionary psychology claims that reciprocal altruism is supported by a cognitive module that helps individuals to detect and remember cheaters. Previous studies found a source memory advantage for faces of cheaters rather than faces of cooperators. The present study examines memory for social-exchange relevant information. More precisely, faces were shown together with behavior descriptions of cheating, trustworthy and neutral behavior either high or low in relevance for a student population. A multinomial model was used to measure old-new discrimination, source memory, and guessing biases separately. The study showed a source memory advantage for cheaters high in relevance. However, source memory for trustworthy persons low and high in relevance was also enhanced. The results are in line with the assumption of a flexible mechanism that focuses on exchange-relevant information. A system that is able to take into account the relative significance of information may be more beneficial than a system focusing on every cheater independently of his or her relative importance.
进化心理学中的一个流行假设声称，互惠利他主义受到一个认知模块的支持，该模块帮助个体检测和记住骗子。先前的研究发现，骗子的面孔比合作者的面孔在源记忆上有优势。本研究考察了与社会交换相关的信息记忆。更确切地说，当面孔与作弊、值得信赖和中性行为的行为描述一起呈现时，这些行为描述与学生群体的相关性高低不同。使用多项模型分别测量旧新辨别、源记忆和猜测偏差。研究表明，相关性高的骗子在源记忆上有优势。然而，相关性低和高的值得信赖的人的源记忆也得到了增强。结果与一个灵活的机制假设一致，该机制专注于与交换相关的信息。一个能够考虑信息相对重要性的系统可能比一个不考虑骗子相对重要性而只关注每个骗子的系统更有益。
