University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0345, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2010 Jan;38(1):67-82. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.1.67.
In three experiments, we examined transfer and contextual memory in a category search task. Each experiment included two phases (training and test), during which participants searched through category and exemplar menus for targets. In Experiment 1, the targets were from one of two domains during training (grocery store or department store); the domain was either the same or changed at test. Also, the categories were organized in one of two ways (alphabetically or semantically); the organization either remained the same or changed at test. In Experiments 2 and 3, domain and organization were held constant; however, categories or exemplars were the same, partially replaced, or entirely replaced across phases in order to simulate the dynamic nature of category search in everyday situations. Transfer occurred at test when the category organization or domain was maintained and when the categories or exemplars matched (partially or entirely) those at training. These results demonstrate that transfer is facilitated by overlap in training and testing contexts.
在三个实验中，我们在类别搜索任务中检查了迁移和上下文记忆。每个实验都包括两个阶段（训练和测试），在此期间，参与者通过类别和范例菜单搜索目标。在实验 1 中，目标来自训练期间的两个领域之一（杂货店或百货公司）；在测试时，该领域要么相同，要么改变。此外，类别以两种方式之一组织（按字母顺序或语义）；在测试时，组织要么保持不变，要么改变。在实验 2 和 3 中，保持了领域和组织的不变；然而，在各个阶段，类别或范例是相同的、部分替换的或完全替换的，以模拟日常情况下类别搜索的动态性质。当类别组织或领域保持不变并且类别或范例与训练时匹配（部分或全部）时，在测试时会发生转移。这些结果表明，迁移是通过训练和测试上下文的重叠来促进的。
