Kisiel Maria, Marsons Lorraine
Critical Care, Birmingham City, Univeristy, Birmingham, UK.
Br J Nurs. 2009;18(18):1094-8. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2009.18.18.44549.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are both diabetic emergencies associated with hyperglycaemia and can be fatal if healthcare professionals fail to recognize and intervene appropriately. While many students and qualified nurses may be able to recall common signs and symptoms related to DKA and HHS - for example polyuria, polydipsia and elevated blood sugars - understanding the physiological mechanisms behind abnormal observations and restoring homeostasis through appropriate management is far more complex. Health educators can play a significant role in contextualizing difficult concepts, such as DKA and HHS, so that these complex conditions can be recognized with greater confidence and competence in clinical practice.
糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）和高血糖高渗状态（HHS）都是与高血糖相关的糖尿病急症，如果医护人员未能及时识别并进行适当干预，可能会危及生命。虽然许多学生和合格护士可能能够回忆起与DKA和HHS相关的常见体征和症状——例如多尿、多饮和血糖升高——但理解异常观察结果背后的生理机制并通过适当管理恢复内环境稳定要复杂得多。健康教育工作者在将诸如DKA和HHS等难懂的概念置于具体情境中方面可以发挥重要作用，以便在临床实践中能够更自信、更有能力地识别这些复杂病症。
