Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 Jan;8(1):26-38. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2265.
Escherichia coli is a remarkable and diverse organism. This normally harmless commensal needs only to acquire a combination of mobile genetic elements to become a highly adapted pathogen capable of causing a range of diseases, from gastroenteritis to extraintestinal infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and central nervous system. The worldwide burden of these diseases is staggering, with hundreds of millions of people affected annually. Eight E. coli pathovars have been well characterized, and each uses a large arsenal of virulence factors to subvert host cellular functions to potentiate its virulence. In this Review, we focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the different pathogenic mechanisms that are used by various E. coli pathovars and how they cause disease in humans.
大肠杆菌是一种非常特殊且多样的生物体。这种通常无害的共生菌只需获得一组移动遗传元件，就可能变成高度适应环境的病原体，从而引发一系列疾病，从肠胃炎到泌尿道、血液和中枢神经系统的肠道外感染。这些疾病的全球负担惊人，每年有数亿人受到影响。已有 8 种大肠杆菌血清型得到了很好的描述，每种血清型都使用大量毒力因子来颠覆宿主细胞功能，从而增强其毒力。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了在理解不同大肠杆菌血清型使用的不同致病机制以及它们如何在人类中引起疾病方面的最新进展。
