School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2009 Dec;27(14):1535-44. doi: 10.1080/02640410903127630.
A relative age effect has been identified in Masters sports (Medic, Starkes, & Young, 2007). Since gender, age, and type of sport have been found to influence the relative age effect in youth sports (Musch & Grondin, 2001), we examined how these three variables influenced possible relative age effects among Masters swimmers and track and field athletes. Using archived data between 1996 and 2006, frequency of participation entries and record-setting performances at the US Masters championships were examined as a function of an individual's constituent year within any 5-year age category. Study 1 investigated the frequency of Master athletes who participated; Study 2 examined the frequency of performance records that were set across constituent years within an age category, while accounting for the distribution of participation frequencies. Results showed that a participation-related relative age effect in Masters sports is stronger for males, that it becomes progressively stronger with each successive decade of life, and that it does not differ across track and field and swimming. In addition, a performance-related relative age effect in Masters sport seems to be stronger for swimming than track and field, but it does not differ across gender and decades of life.
相对年龄效应在大师级运动中已经被确定（Medic、Starkes 和 Young，2007）。由于性别、年龄和运动类型已被发现会影响青年运动中的相对年龄效应（Musch 和 Grondin，2001），我们研究了这三个变量如何影响大师级游泳运动员和田径运动员中的相对年龄效应。我们使用了 1996 年至 2006 年期间的存档数据，研究了在美国大师锦标赛中个人所在的任何 5 岁年龄组内的参赛次数和创纪录表现的频率。研究 1 调查了参加比赛的大师运动员的频率；研究 2 考察了在一个年龄组内的组成年份内的表现记录的频率，同时考虑了参与频率的分布。结果表明，男性在大师级运动中存在与参与相关的相对年龄效应，这种效应随着生命的每一个连续十年而逐渐增强，而且在田径和游泳之间没有差异。此外，大师级运动中的与表现相关的相对年龄效应似乎在游泳方面比田径更强，但在性别和生命的几十年之间没有差异。
