Department of Teacher Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Faculty of Education and Arts, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 30;15(4):e0231384. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231384. eCollection 2020.
While research on the effects of 'birth month' is usually referred to as relative age effects, the study of the effects of 'birth year' is described as the constituent year effect (CYE). In the present study we examined the impact of the CYE on participation in the Junior World Championship in alpine skiing. Based on previous research, we expected to find increasing numbers of participants the older the age-group, and that the CYE would be stronger in the speed events compared to the technical ones. The sample in the present study consisted of 1188 male skiers and 859 female skiers within the age range of 17 to 21 years at the time of competition. The results show that the number of male participants increased with increasing age, which can be described as a CYE. For female skiers, a CYE was found, but it dissipated two years earlier than for male skiers. The CYE varied with event and was more pronounced the higher the speed of the event. The findings thus suggest that a constituent year effect exists among skiers participating in the FIS Junior World Ski Championship in the alpine skiing championships, and that the effect varies with gender and event, rather unrelated to age. Thus, it seems that the effect may not be a relative age effect, but instead a relative development effect.
虽然关于“出生月份”的影响的研究通常被称为相对年龄效应，但关于“出生年份”的影响的研究被描述为组成年份效应（CYE）。在本研究中，我们研究了 CYE 对参加高山滑雪少年世界锦标赛的影响。基于先前的研究，我们预计会发现年龄组越大，参与者的数量就会增加，而且与技术项目相比，速度项目的 CYE 会更强。本研究的样本包括在比赛时年龄在 17 至 21 岁之间的 1188 名男性滑雪者和 859 名女性滑雪者。结果表明，男性参与者的数量随着年龄的增长而增加，可以描述为 CYE。对于女性滑雪者，发现了一个 CYE，但它比男性滑雪者早两年消失。CYE 随事件而变化，并且事件的速度越高，CYE 越明显。因此，这些发现表明，在高山滑雪锦标赛的 FIS 少年世界滑雪锦标赛中，参加者中存在组成年份效应，并且该效应因性别和事件而异，与年龄无关。因此，该效应似乎不是相对年龄效应，而是相对发展效应。
