Department of Economics, Keynes College, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2010 Dec;57(7-8):e109-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01295.x.
To date there has been little research in the UK on farmer adoption of biosecurity measures to control food-borne zoonoses that have little or no impact on animal health or production but which threaten public health. Campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis are the two most common causes of food-borne infectious intestinal disease in people in Great Britain, causing approximately 57,000 and 13,000 reported cases in 2007 respectively (Anon 2008a) with an important cost to society. Poultry are an important source of both infections, while pigs may also contribute to human salmonellosis. However, these infections in poultry and pigs seldom cause disease. Research has shown that improved farm biosecurity may reduce the prevalence of these infections in livestock and if the majority of farmers were prepared to enhance biosecurity then there could be an important impact on public health. This article reports on the findings of two studies of farmer attitudes to and cost of the adoption of on-farm biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of animal diseases and therefore enhance food safety. One study, of Campylobacter infection among broiler flocks, is based on a survey of farmers faced with a hypothetical biosecurity intervention, while the other study, of Salmonella infection among pigs, is based on the participation of a group of farmers in an intervention study. In both cases, the results show a clear inverse relationship between the willingness of farmers to adopt a biosecurity measure and its estimated cost. This finding has implications for the success of on-farm biosecurity-enhancement policies based on voluntary adoption by farmers. In particular, financial inducements or penalties to farmers could be necessary to facilitate adoption of these measures.
迄今为止，英国在研究农民采用生物安全措施来控制食源性人畜共患病方面所做的工作很少，这些措施对动物健康和生产几乎没有影响，但却威胁着公共健康。弯曲菌病和沙门氏菌病是英国人群中最常见的两种食源性传染性肠道疾病，分别导致 2007 年约 57000 例和 13000 例报告病例（Anon 2008a），给社会造成了重大损失。家禽是这两种感染的重要来源，而猪也可能导致人类沙门氏菌病。然而，这些家禽和猪中的感染很少引起疾病。研究表明，加强农场生物安全措施可能会降低这些感染在牲畜中的流行率，如果大多数农民愿意加强生物安全措施，那么这可能会对公共卫生产生重要影响。本文报告了两项关于农民对采用农场生物安全措施以降低动物疾病风险从而提高食品安全的态度和成本的研究结果。一项研究是关于肉鸡群中的弯曲菌感染，基于对面临假设性生物安全干预的农民进行的调查，另一项研究是关于猪中的沙门氏菌感染，基于一组农民参与干预研究。在这两种情况下，结果都表明，农民采用生物安全措施的意愿与其估计成本之间存在明显的反比关系。这一发现对基于农民自愿采用的农场生物安全增强政策的成功具有重要意义。特别是，可能需要对农民进行财政激励或处罚，以促进这些措施的采用。
