University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavior Medicine, and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, 55 Lake Place North, Shaw Building, Worcester MA 01655, USA.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2009 Dec;7(4):127-33. doi: 10.1007/s11914-009-0022-3.
Fractures in older people are important medical problems. Knowledge of risk factors is essential for successful preventive measures, but when fracture sites of diverse etiology are combined, risk factors for any one site are difficult to identify and may be missed entirely. Among older people, incidence rates of hip, proximal humerus, and vertebral fractures increase with age, but not rates of distal forearm and foot fractures. Low bone mineral density is strongly associated with hip, distal forearm, vertebral, and proximal humerus fractures, but not foot fracture. Most fractures of the hip, distal forearm, and proximal humerus result from a fall, whereas smaller proportions of fractures of the foot and vertebrae follow a fall. Frail people are likely to fracture their hip or proximal humerus, while healthy, active people tend to fracture their distal forearm. We strongly recommend that studies identify risk factors on a site-specific basis.
老年人骨折是重要的医学问题。了解危险因素对于成功的预防措施至关重要，但是当不同病因的骨折部位合并在一起时，任何一个部位的危险因素都难以确定，甚至可能完全被忽略。在老年人中，髋部、肱骨近端和椎体骨折的发生率随年龄增长而增加，但前臂远端和足部骨折的发生率则不会增加。骨密度低与髋部、前臂远端、椎体和肱骨近端骨折密切相关，但与足部骨折无关。大多数髋部、前臂远端和肱骨近端骨折是由跌倒引起的，而较小比例的足部和椎体骨折是由跌倒引起的。虚弱的人更容易髋部或肱骨近端骨折，而健康、活跃的人则更容易前臂远端骨折。我们强烈建议研究基于特定部位来确定危险因素。
