Breslau N, Davis G C, Andreski P, Peterson E
Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich. 48202.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991 Mar;48(3):216-22. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003.
To ascertain the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and risk factors associated with it, we studied a random sample of 1007 young adults from a large health maintenance organization in the Detroit, Mich, area. The lifetime prevalence of exposure to traumatic events was 39.1%. The rate of PTSD in those who were exposed was 23.6%, yielding a lifetime prevalence in the sample of 9.2%. Persons with PTSD were at increased risk for other psychiatric disorders; PTSD had stronger associations with anxiety and affective disorders than with substance abuse or dependence. Risk factors for exposure to traumatic events included low education, male sex, early conduct problems, extraversion, and family history of psychiatric disorder or substance problems. Risk factors for PTSD following exposure included early separation from parents, neuroticism, preexisting anxiety or depression, and family history of anxiety. Life-style differences associated with differential exposure to situations that have a high risk for traumatic events and personal predispositions to the PTSD effects of traumatic events might be responsible for a substantial part of PTSD in this population.
为确定创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的患病率及其相关危险因素，我们对密歇根州底特律地区一家大型健康维护组织的1007名年轻成年人进行了随机抽样研究。创伤事件暴露的终生患病率为39.1%。暴露人群中PTSD的发生率为23.6%，样本中的终生患病率为9.2%。患有PTSD的人患其他精神障碍的风险增加；PTSD与焦虑和情感障碍的关联比与物质滥用或依赖更强。创伤事件暴露的危险因素包括低教育水平、男性、早期行为问题、外向性以及精神障碍或物质问题的家族史。暴露后PTSD的危险因素包括早年与父母分离、神经质、既往焦虑或抑郁以及焦虑家族史。与创伤事件高风险情况的不同暴露以及对创伤事件PTSD效应的个人易感性相关的生活方式差异，可能是该人群中PTSD的很大一部分原因。
