Gardner D L, Leibenluft E, O'Leary K M, Cowdry R W
National Institute of Mental Health Neuroscience Center at St. Elizabeths, Washington, DC 20032.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1991 Mar;179(3):157-61. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199103000-00008.
Forty-six patients with borderline personality disorder with and without major depression and 27 normal volunteers completed the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, a self-rating scale of anger and hostility. The patients with borderline personality had significantly higher scores than the normal volunteers. The scores of the patients with borderline personality disorders were not related to gender, treatment or research setting, the degree of acute distress, or the presence of major depression. These findings suggest that a proneness to anger and hostility are enduring characteristics of borderline personality disorder and that anger and depression may represent independent clinical conditions with independent biological mechanisms regulating these two affective states.
