棉农职业性急性拟除虫菊酯中毒的流行病学研究
An epidemiological study on occupational acute pyrethroid poisoning in cotton farmers.
作者信息
Chen S Y, Zhang Z W, He F S, Yao P P, Wu Y Q, Sun J X, Liu L H, Li Q G
机构信息
Institute of Occupational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing.
出版信息
Br J Ind Med. 1991 Feb;48(2):77-81. doi: 10.1136/oem.48.2.77.
A cross sectional survey on the prevalence of acute pyrethroid poisoning in cotton farmers was conducted in 1987 and 1988. A total of 3113 pyrethroid spraymen (2230 men (71.6%) and 883 women (28.4%] were interviewed after spraying and followed up for 72 hours. Adverse effects of pyrethroid exposure were found in 834 of them (26.8%) manifested as abnormal facial sensations, dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, or loss of appetite. Only 10 subjects, who developed significant systemic symptoms and had signs of listlessness or muscular fasciculation, were diagnosed as having mild occupational acute pyrethroid poisoning with a prevalence of 0.31% in subjects exposed to pure pyrethroids and 0.38% in subjects exposed to pyrethroid organophosphate mixtures. Measurements of pyrethroid concentrations in the air of the breathing zone, in skin pads, and in urine samples showed that dermal contamination is the main route of exposure to pyrethroids in cotton growers. Preventive measures are recommended.
1987年和1988年对棉农中急性拟除虫菊酯中毒的患病率进行了横断面调查。共有3113名拟除虫菊酯喷雾作业人员（2230名男性（71.6%）和883名女性（28.4%））在喷洒后接受了访谈，并进行了72小时的随访。其中834人（26.8%）出现了拟除虫菊酯暴露的不良反应，表现为面部感觉异常、头晕、头痛、疲劳、恶心或食欲不振。只有10名出现明显全身症状且有倦怠或肌肉束颤体征的受试者被诊断为轻度职业性急性拟除虫菊酯中毒，在接触纯拟除虫菊酯的受试者中患病率为0.31%，在接触拟除虫菊酯与有机磷混合物的受试者中患病率为0.38%。对呼吸带空气、皮肤垫和尿液样本中的拟除虫菊酯浓度进行测量表明，皮肤污染是棉农接触拟除虫菊酯的主要途径。建议采取预防措施。
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