Weiss S D, Orlich C C
Department of Surgery, Contra Costa County Hospital, Martinez, California.
Br J Surg. 1991 Jan;78(1):87-9. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800780127.
Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common anomaly in thyroid development. They are twice as frequent as branchial cleft abnormalities and, in children, are second only to enlarged cervical lymph nodes as the cause of neck mass. Generally, duct cysts are benign, but 1 per cent of cases may be malignant. From the world literature, 114 cases of malignant thyroglossal cysts were available for review. With the addition of our own case, we discuss 115 instances of duct cysts. The different types of neoplasia described included thyroid papillary carcinoma in 81.7 per cent, mixed papillary-follicular carcinoma in 6.9 per cent, squamous cell carcinoma in 5.2 per cent, follicular and adenocarcinoma in 1.7 per cent each, and malignant struma, epidermoid carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma in 0.9 per cent each. Of the 115 cases surveyed, 35 thyroid glands were examined microscopically; of these, four (11.4 per cent) contained malignant foci. Whether these are primary malignancies of the thyroglossal duct cysts or metastases is discussed.
甲状舌管囊肿是甲状腺发育过程中最常见的异常情况。其发病频率是鳃裂畸形的两倍，在儿童中，作为颈部肿块的病因，仅次于颈淋巴结肿大。一般来说，导管囊肿是良性的，但1%的病例可能是恶性的。从世界文献中，有114例恶性甲状舌管囊肿可供回顾。加上我们自己的病例，我们讨论了115例导管囊肿。所描述的不同类型的肿瘤包括81.7%的甲状腺乳头状癌、6.9%的乳头状-滤泡状混合癌、5.2%的鳞状细胞癌、各1.7%的滤泡癌和腺癌，以及各0.9%的恶性甲状腺肿、表皮样癌和未分化癌。在调查的115例病例中，对35个甲状腺进行了显微镜检查；其中4个（11.4%）含有恶性病灶。文中讨论了这些是甲状舌管囊肿的原发性恶性肿瘤还是转移瘤。
