[How to combat HIV, tuberculosis and malaria?].

BACKGROUND

In year 2 000, the United Nations (UN) agreed on eight millennium development goals (MDGs). Goal number 6 is to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other communicable diseases, including tuberculosis. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current status and prognosis for this MDG, and to discuss strategies that need to be implemented to reach the goal.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The article is mainly based on publications from the UN or WHO-affiliated organizations.

RESULTS

The global HIV prevalence rate has remained at 0.8 % for the last ten years, but the total infected population is still increasing. Access to treatment has increased considerably, but only 28 % of those in need of treatment (and living in developing countries), received it in 2007. Global tuberculosis incidence and prevalence rates of tuberculosis are falling, but not in Europe and Africa. For malaria, there is more uncertainty, but there seems to be a declining incidence in many countries.

INTERPRETATION

The MDG for HIV/AIDS cannot be reached by treatment alone, continued emphasis on prevention and more specific prevention strategies is necessary. The global targets for tuberculosis can be reached, but probably not in Africa; in addition, multi-resistant tuberculosis is increasing. Modern combination treatment, impregnated bednets and indoor residual spraying has led to a substantial reduction in the prevalence of malaria during few years in African countries.