Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2009 Jun;27(Pt 2):331-42. doi: 10.1348/026151008x310229.
Three- and four-year-old children (N = 131) were tested for their sensitivity to the accuracy and inaccuracy of informants. Children were presented with one of three conditions. In the Accurate-Inaccurate condition, one informant named objects accurately whereas the other named them inaccurately. In the Accurate-Neutral condition, one informant named objects accurately whereas the other merely drew attention to them. Finally in the Inaccurate-Neutral condition, one informant named objects inaccurately whereas the other merely drew attention to them. In subsequent test trials, 4-year-olds preferred to seek and accept information in a selective fashion across all three conditions, suggesting that they monitor informants for both accuracy and inaccuracy. By contrast, 3-year-olds were selective in the Accurate-Inaccurate and Inaccurate-Neutral conditions but not in the Accurate-Neutral condition, suggesting that they monitor informants only for inaccuracy and take accuracy for granted.
三岁和四岁的儿童(N=131)接受了对信息准确性和不准确性的敏感性测试。儿童被呈现三种条件之一。在准确-不准确条件下,一个信息提供者准确地命名物体,而另一个则不准确地命名。在准确-中性条件下,一个信息提供者准确地命名物体,而另一个只是引起他们的注意。最后,在不准确-中性条件下,一个信息提供者不准确地命名物体,而另一个只是引起他们的注意。在随后的测试试验中,四岁的儿童在所有三种条件下都更愿意以选择性的方式寻求和接受信息,这表明他们会监测信息提供者的准确性和不准确性。相比之下,三岁的儿童在准确-不准确和不准确-中性条件下是选择性的,但在准确-中性条件下不是,这表明他们只监测信息提供者的不准确之处,并认为准确性是理所当然的。