Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
Biochem J. 2009 Dec 14;425(1):27-40. doi: 10.1042/BJ20091147.
Ca2+ ions play a vital role as second messengers in plant cells during various developmental processes and in response to environmental stimuli. Plants have evolved a diversity of unique proteins that bind Ca2+ using the evolutionarily conserved EF-hand motif. The currently held hypothesis is that these proteins function as Ca2+ sensors by undergoing conformational changes in response to Ca2+-binding that facilitate their regulation of target proteins and thereby co-ordinate various signalling pathways. The three main classes of these EF-hand Ca2+sensors in plants are CaMs [calmodulins; including CMLs (CaM-like proteins)], CDPKs (calcium-dependent protein kinases) and CBLs (calcineurin B-like proteins). In the plant species examined to date, each of these classes is represented by a large family of proteins, most of which have not been characterized biochemically and whose physiological roles remain unclear. In the present review, we discuss recent advances in research on CaMs and CMLs, CDPKs and CBLs, and we attempt to integrate the current knowledge on the different sensor classes into common physiological themes.
钙离子在植物细胞的各种发育过程中和对环境刺激的反应中作为第二信使起着至关重要的作用。植物已经进化出多种独特的蛋白质，这些蛋白质使用进化上保守的 EF 手模体结合 Ca2+。目前的假设是，这些蛋白质作为 Ca2+传感器发挥作用，通过对 Ca2+结合的构象变化来促进它们对靶蛋白的调节，从而协调各种信号通路。植物中这些 EF 手 Ca2+传感器的三个主要类群是 CaMs[钙调蛋白；包括 CMLs（钙调蛋白样蛋白）]、CDPKs（钙依赖性蛋白激酶）和 CBLs（钙调神经磷酸酶 B 样蛋白）。在迄今为止研究的植物物种中，每种类群都由一大类蛋白质组成，其中大多数尚未进行生化表征，其生理作用仍不清楚。在本综述中，我们讨论了 CaMs 和 CMLs、CDPKs 和 CBLs 研究的最新进展，并试图将不同传感器类群的现有知识整合到常见的生理主题中。
