Department of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2010 Feb;71(2):169-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00807.x. Epub 2009 Nov 27.
Soil represents a very heterogeneous environment for its microbiota. Among the soil inhabitants, bacteria and fungi are important organisms as they are involved in key biogeochemical cycling processes. A main energy source driving the system is formed by plants through the provision of plant-fixed (reduced) carbon to the soil, whereas soil nitrogen and phosphorus may move from the soil back to the plant. The carbonaceous compounds released form the key energy and nutrient sources for the soil microbiota. In the grossly carbon-limited soil, the emergence of plant roots and the formation of their associated mycorrhizae thus create nutritional hot spots for soil-dwelling bacteria. As there is natural (fitness) selection on bacteria in the soil, those bacteria that are best able to benefit from the hot spots have probably been selected. The purpose of this review is to examine the interactions of bacteria with soil fungi in these hot spots and to highlight the key mechanisms involved in the selection of fungal-responsive bacteria. Salient bacterial mechanisms that are involved in these interactions have emerged from this examination. Thus, the efficient acquisition for specific released nutrients, the presence of type-III secretion systems and the capacity of flagellar movement and to form a biofilm are pinpointed as key aspects of bacterial life in the mycosphere. The possible involvement of functions present on plasmid-borne genes is also interrogated.
土壤对其微生物群来说是一个非常不均匀的环境。在土壤生物中，细菌和真菌是重要的生物体，因为它们参与了关键的生物地球化学循环过程。驱动这一系统的主要能源来自植物，植物通过向土壤提供植物固定（还原）的碳来提供能源，而土壤中的氮和磷可能从土壤中回到植物中。释放的含碳化合物是土壤微生物群的关键能源和营养源。在土壤中碳严重受限的情况下，植物根系的出现及其相关菌根的形成，为土壤中细菌创造了营养热点。由于土壤中的细菌存在自然选择（适应性），那些最能从热点中获益的细菌可能已经被选择出来了。本综述的目的是研究细菌与土壤真菌在这些热点中的相互作用，并强调参与选择真菌响应细菌的关键机制。从这一检查中出现了一些突出的细菌机制。因此，高效获取特定释放的营养物质、存在 III 型分泌系统以及鞭毛运动和形成生物膜的能力，被确定为细菌在菌根中的生命的关键方面。还探讨了质粒携带基因上存在的功能的可能参与。
