Laboratory of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Maturitas. 2009 Dec;65 Suppl 1:S13-6. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.11.001. Epub 2009 Dec 9.
The incidence of breast cancer has risen worldwide, especially in countries where it used to be low, very probably as a result of economic prosperity and changes in life-style. In women, the available data have resulted in the concept of progression from normal breast development to cancer through precursor lesions sensitive to hormones and growth factors that can be produced locally in the mammary gland, acting as paracrine or autocrine stimulating agents. The local endocrine environment in the breast can be different from the situation in the circulation. In the dog, growth hormone (GH) can be produced locally in the mammary glands and its production can be stimulated by progestins. This GH probably plays a paracrine role in the progesterone-induced proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelium. There is increasing evidence that the local mammary progestin/GH-axis is operational not only in dogs but also in human breast cancer. No data are yet available on the production of mammary-derived GH in women.
乳腺癌的发病率在全球范围内上升，特别是在过去发病率较低的国家，这很可能是由于经济繁荣和生活方式的改变所致。在女性中，现有数据表明，乳腺癌的发生是一个从正常乳腺发育到激素和生长因子敏感的癌前病变的过程，这些激素和生长因子可以在乳腺局部产生，作为旁分泌或自分泌的刺激剂。乳腺中的局部内分泌环境可能与循环中的情况不同。在狗中，生长激素（GH）可以在乳腺中局部产生，其产生可以被孕激素刺激。这种 GH 可能在孕激素诱导的乳腺上皮增殖和分化中发挥旁分泌作用。越来越多的证据表明，局部乳腺孕激素/生长激素轴不仅在狗中，而且在人类乳腺癌中也起作用。目前尚无关于女性乳腺来源的 GH 产生的数据。
