Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
Water Res. 2010 Feb;44(3):751-60. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.013. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
Conventional and modified membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are increasingly used in small-scale wastewater treatment. However, their widespread applications are hindered by their relatively high cost and operational complexity. In this study, we investigate a new concept of wastewater treatment using a nonwoven fabric filter bag (NFFB) as the membrane bioreactor. Activated sludge is charged in the nonwoven fabric filter bag and membrane filtration via the fabric is achieved under gravity flow without a suction pump. This study found that the biofilm layer formed inside the NFFB achieved 10mg/L of suspended solids in the permeate within 20 min of initial operation. The dynamic biofilter layer showed good filterability and the specific membrane resistance consisted of 0.3-1.9 x 10(12)m/kg. Due to the low F/M ratio (0.04-0.10 kg BOD(5)/m(3)/d) and the resultant low sludge yield, the reactor was operated without forming excess sludge. Although the reactor provided aerobic conditions, denitrification occurred in the biofilm layer to recover the alkalinity, thereby eliminating the need to supplement the alkalinity. This study indicates that the NFFB system provides a high potential of effective wastewater treatment with simple operation at reduced cost, and hence offer an attractive solution for widespread use in rural and sparsely populated areas.
传统和改良的膜生物反应器（MBR）越来越多地用于小规模废水处理。然而，其广泛应用受到相对较高的成本和操作复杂性的阻碍。本研究探讨了一种使用无纺纤维过滤袋（NFFB）作为膜生物反应器处理废水的新概念。在无纺纤维过滤袋中填充活性污泥，并在重力作用下实现膜过滤，无需使用吸水泵。研究发现，在初始运行 20 分钟内，NFFB 内形成的生物膜层可使透过液中的悬浮固体达到 10mg/L。动态生物滤层具有良好的过滤性能，特定的膜阻力由 0.3-1.9×10(12)m/kg 组成。由于 F/M 比（0.04-0.10kgBOD(5)/m(3)/d）较低，污泥产量较低，因此反应器无需形成剩余污泥。尽管反应器提供了好氧条件，但生物膜层中发生反硝化作用以回收碱度，从而无需补充碱度。本研究表明，NFFB 系统具有在降低成本的情况下进行简单操作的高效废水处理的巨大潜力，因此为在农村和人口稀少地区的广泛应用提供了有吸引力的解决方案。
