Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
Proc Biol Sci. 2010 Apr 22;277(1685):1169-77. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1537. Epub 2009 Dec 11.
Most macrofungi produce ephemeral fruit bodies during autumn but some have adapted to spring fruiting. In this study, temporal changes in the time of spring fruiting in Norway and the UK during 1960-2007 have been investigated by statistical analyses of about 6000 herbarium and field records, covering 34 species. Nearly 30 per cent of the temporal variation in fruiting could be ascribed to spatial and species-specific effects. Correcting for these effects, linear trends towards progressively earlier fruiting were detected during the entire period in both Norway and the UK, with a change in average fruiting day of 18 days over the study period. Early fruiting was correlated with high winter temperatures in both countries, indicating that the observed phenological changes are likely due to earlier onset of spring. There were also significant correlations between climatic conditions in one year and timing of fruiting the following year, indicating that below-ground mycelia are influenced by climatic conditions over a longer time period before fruiting. Fruiting dates were, however, not strictly related to changes in vernal accumulated thermal time. Our results indicate that global warming has lead to progressively earlier fruiting of spring fungi in northwest Europe during the last half century.
大多数大型真菌在秋季产生短暂的果实体，但有些已经适应了春季结果。在这项研究中，通过对大约 6000 份标本和实地记录的统计分析，调查了 1960-2007 年期间挪威和英国春季结果时间的时间变化，涵盖了 34 个物种。近 30%的果实时间变化可以归因于空间和物种特异性效应。在挪威和英国，在整个时期内，在考虑到这些效应后，都检测到线性趋势是果实时间逐渐提前，在研究期间平均果实日数变化了 18 天。早期结果与两国冬季高温有关，表明观察到的物候变化可能是由于春季的提前开始。在一年中的气候条件与次年结果时间之间也存在显著的相关性，这表明在果实形成之前，地下菌丝受到较长时间的气候条件的影响。然而，结果日期与春季积累的热量时间变化并不严格相关。我们的研究结果表明，在过去的半个世纪里，全球变暖导致北欧的春季真菌果实时间逐渐提前。
