Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Suite 5180, Gainesville, Florida 32610-3628, USA.
Tob Control. 2010 Apr;19(2):104-9. doi: 10.1136/tc.2009.031070. Epub 2009 Dec 11.
In the USA, consumption of moist snuff continues to increase and cigarette manufacturers now control nearly its entire market. Manufacturers have developed new products that represent cigarette brand extension and in test marketing are promoting dual use of cigarettes and snuff. This study examined patterns of concurrent use of smokeless tobacco (ST) and cigarettes among young people and adults in the USA just before cigarette companies' control of the nation's ST market.
Data were drawn from four US nationally representative surveys. Stratified analyses applied sampling weights and accounted for the complex sample designs.
Cigarette smoking was substantially more prevalent among young males who used ST than among those who did not. Among adult males, those who smoked daily were less likely than others to have used snuff every day. Men who used moist snuff daily had the lowest prevalence of daily smoking, but the prevalence of daily smoking was relatively high among men who used moist snuff less than daily. Unsuccessful past-year attempts by daily smokers to quit smoking were more prevalent among non-daily snuff users (41.2%) than among those who had never used snuff (29.6%).
Although dual daily use of ST and cigarettes is relatively uncommon in the USA, concurrent ST use is more common among adolescent and young adult male smokers than among more mature tobacco users. Among adult males, daily smoking predominates and non-daily ST use is very strongly associated with current smoking. Adult male smokers who also use ST daily tend to have relatively high levels of serum cotinine and high prevalence of a major indicator for tobacco dependence.
在美国，湿鼻烟的消费持续增加，而卷烟制造商现在几乎控制了整个市场。制造商开发了新产品，代表了卷烟品牌的延伸，并在试销中推广卷烟和鼻烟的双重使用。本研究在美国卷烟公司控制全国鼻烟市场之前，调查了年轻人和成年人同时使用无烟烟草（ST）和香烟的模式。
数据来自四项美国全国代表性调查。分层分析应用了抽样权重，并考虑了复杂的样本设计。
与不使用 ST 的年轻人相比，使用 ST 的年轻男性吸烟更为普遍。在成年男性中，每天吸烟的人比每天使用鼻烟的人不太可能每天使用鼻烟。每天使用湿鼻烟的男性吸烟率最低，但每天使用湿鼻烟的男性吸烟率相对较高。每天吸烟的人过去一年戒烟失败的比例在不使用鼻烟的人中（41.2%）比从未使用过鼻烟的人中（29.6%）更高。
尽管在美国同时使用 ST 和香烟的情况相对较少，但在青少年和年轻成年男性吸烟者中，同时使用 ST 的情况更为常见，而在更成熟的烟草使用者中则较为少见。在成年男性中，每天吸烟占主导地位，非每天使用 ST 与当前吸烟有很强的关联。每天同时使用 ST 的成年男性吸烟者往往具有相对较高的血清可替宁水平和烟草依赖的主要指标的高患病率。
