Novel swine-origin (S-OIV) H1N1 influenza A pneumonia in a lung transplant patient: a case report and review of the literature on performance characteristics of rapid screening tests for the S-OIV.

Rapid screening tests are insensitive for detecting the novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV), and false negatives can delay the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antiviral therapy. The case of a 26-year-old double lung transplant recipient presenting with fever, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and a negative influenza direct immunofluorescent antibody on bronchoalveolar lavage is presented. A diagnosis was made, and antiviral therapy was started 10 days after the initial bronchoalveolar lavage on receipt of a positive culture for S-OIV. The published literature on the performance characteristics of rapid screening tests for S-OIV is reviewed in this clinical context.