Pashankar Dinesh S
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2005 May;18(2):120-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-870894.
Constipation is a common problem in children. It is also a long-term problem persisting for many months to years in children. Approximately 95% of childhood constipation is functional in nature without any obvious cause. Evaluation of a child with constipation requires a thorough history and physical examination. Hirschsprung's disease is an important cause of constipation arising in infancy and requires a thorough diagnostic evaluation and surgical treatment. Treatment of functional constipation in children requires a well-designed plan and a team approach involving the child, parents, and a health care provider. Treatment involves education of the family about constipation and encopresis, fecal disimpaction, and long-term maintenance therapy of laxatives and behavioral modification. Laxatives such as magnesium hydroxide, lactulose, and mineral oil have been used in children for a long time. A new laxative, polyethylene glycol 3350, has been used successfully in children with constipation and encopresis. Several novel therapeutic interventions have been tried for children presenting with intractable constipation, refractory to conventional treatment.
便秘是儿童常见的问题。它也是一个长期问题，在儿童中会持续数月至数年。大约95%的儿童便秘本质上是功能性的，没有任何明显原因。对便秘儿童的评估需要全面的病史和体格检查。先天性巨结肠是婴儿期便秘的一个重要原因，需要进行全面的诊断评估和手术治疗。儿童功能性便秘的治疗需要精心设计的计划以及由儿童、父母和医疗保健提供者组成的团队协作。治疗包括对家庭进行便秘和大便失禁的教育、粪便清除以及泻药和行为矫正的长期维持治疗。氢氧化镁、乳果糖和矿物油等泻药长期以来一直在儿童中使用。一种新型泻药聚乙二醇3350已成功用于患有便秘和大便失禁的儿童。对于传统治疗无效的顽固性便秘儿童，已经尝试了几种新型治疗干预措施。
