低人生历程社会经济地位（SES）与消极的 NEO PI-R 人格模式有关。
Low life course socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with negative NEO PI-R personality patterns.
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
出版信息
Int J Behav Med. 2011 Mar;18(1):13-21. doi: 10.1007/s12529-009-9069-x.
BACKGROUND
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poor health. One potential pathway accounting for this relationship may be an association between low SES and personality characteristics that affect health.
METHODS
Associations among parent's education, current SES (education and income), and personality were examined among 233 African Americans and Caucasian, male and female community volunteers.
RESULTS
Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to model neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness simultaneously, participant's education, household income, and father's and mother's education each had significant main effects on personality. When examining the life course--the combination of both current and childhood SES--distinctive patterns emerged for each domain, depending upon whether mother's or father's education was used to index childhood SES. When using mother's education as a childhood SES index, a high life course SES (high participant's SES/high mother's education) was associated with high extraversion and openness. Using father's education as a childhood SES index, a low life course SES (low participant's SES/low father's education) was associated with disproportionately high neuroticism and low conscientiousness. These effects did not differ by race or sex.
CONCLUSION
The implications of these findings for the role of personality in the SES-health relationship are discussed.
背景
低社会经济地位（SES）与健康状况不佳有关。造成这种关系的一个潜在途径可能是低 SES 与影响健康的人格特征之间存在关联。
方法
在 233 名非裔美国人和白种人、男性和女性社区志愿者中，研究了父母教育、当前 SES（教育和收入）和人格之间的关联。
结果
使用多元方差分析（MANOVA）同时对神经质、外向性、开放性、宜人性和尽责性进行建模，参与者的教育、家庭收入以及父亲和母亲的教育都对人格有显著的主要影响。在考察生活轨迹——当前和儿童时期 SES 的结合时，每个领域都出现了独特的模式，具体取决于使用母亲的教育还是父亲的教育来标记儿童时期的 SES。当使用母亲的教育作为儿童时期 SES 的指标时，高生活轨迹 SES（高参与者 SES/高母亲教育）与高外向性和开放性相关。当使用父亲的教育作为儿童时期 SES 的指标时，低生活轨迹 SES（低参与者 SES/低父亲教育）与不成比例的高神经质和低尽责性相关。这些影响不因种族或性别而异。
结论
讨论了这些发现对人格在 SES-健康关系中作用的影响。
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