Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
J Appl Toxicol. 2010 Apr;30(3):276-85. doi: 10.1002/jat.1494.
Aluminum nanoparticles (Al NP) have been used in applications as diverse as drug delivery, material surface coatings and an ingredient for solid rocket fuel in military explosives and artillery. Although Al NP are used in many civilian and military applications, the health and safety implications of these nanosize particles are not known. To understand the interactions and biological activity of Al NP in human cells, cultured human neonatal epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were exposed for 24 h to 50 and 80 nm Al NP in concentrations from 4.0 to 0.0004 mg ml(-1) to assess the cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential. UV-Vis measurements and nanoparticle controls revealed that the Al NP interact with the assay dyes. Viability did not decrease in HEK exposed to both the 50 and the 80 nm Al NP at all treatment concentrations with MTT, CellTiter 96 AQueous One (96 AQ) and alamar Blue (aB) viability assays. The 96 AQ and aB assays interact with the Al NP less than MTT, and proved to be the best assays to use with these Al NP. TEM depicted Al NP localized within the cytoplasmic vacuoles of the cells. Cytokine data was variable, indicating possible nanoparticle interactions with the cytokine assays. These studies illustrate the difficulties involved in assessing the biological safety of nanomaterials such as Al NP due to media- and temperature-dependent particle agglomeration and nanoparticle interactions with biomarkers of cytotoxicity.
铝纳米颗粒（Al NP）已被广泛应用于药物输送、材料表面涂层以及军事炸药和火炮中的固体火箭燃料的成分等领域。尽管 Al NP 已被应用于许多民用和军用领域，但这些纳米颗粒的健康和安全影响尚不清楚。为了了解 Al NP 在人类细胞中的相互作用和生物活性，培养的人新生儿表皮角质形成细胞（HEK）在 50nm 和 80nm Al NP 浓度范围为 4.0 至 0.0004mg/ml 下暴露 24 小时，以评估细胞毒性和炎症潜力。紫外可见测量和纳米颗粒对照表明，Al NP 与测定染料相互作用。MTT、CellTiter 96 AQueous One（96AQ）和 alamar Blue（aB）细胞活力测定法显示，暴露于 50nm 和 80nm Al NP 的 HEK 在所有处理浓度下的活力均未降低。96AQ 和 aB 测定法与 Al NP 的相互作用小于 MTT，并且被证明是与这些 Al NP 一起使用的最佳测定法。TEM 显示 Al NP 定位于细胞细胞质空泡内。细胞因子数据变化不定，表明可能与细胞因子测定法存在纳米颗粒相互作用。这些研究说明了由于介质依赖性和温度依赖性颗粒聚集以及纳米颗粒与细胞毒性生物标志物的相互作用，评估纳米材料（如 Al NP）的生物安全性所涉及的困难。
