Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
FEBS J. 2010 Feb;277(3):590-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07503.x. Epub 2009 Dec 15.
In meiosis, the accurate segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes is accomplished by homologous recombination. A central player in meiotic recombination is the Dmc1 recombinase, a member of the RecA/Rad51 recombinase superfamily, which is widely conserved from viruses to humans. Dmc1 is a meiosis-specific protein that functions with the ubiquitously expressed homolog, the Rad51 recombinase, which is essential for both mitotic and meiotic recombination. Since its discovery, it has been speculated that Dmc1 is important for unique aspects of meiotic recombination. Understanding the distinctive properties of Dmc1, namely, the features that distinguish it from Rad51, will further clarify the mechanisms of meiotic recombination. Recent structural, biochemical, and genetic findings are now revealing the molecular mechanisms of Dmc1-mediated homologous recombination and its regulation by various recombination mediators.
在减数分裂过程中，通过同源重组实现母源和父源染色体的准确分离。在减数分裂重组中起核心作用的是 Dmc1 重组酶，它是 RecA/Rad51 重组酶超家族的成员，广泛存在于从病毒到人类的各种生物中。Dmc1 是一种减数分裂特异性蛋白，与普遍表达的同源物 Rad51 重组酶共同发挥作用，Rad51 重组酶对于有丝分裂和减数分裂重组都是必不可少的。自发现以来，人们一直推测 Dmc1 对于减数分裂重组的独特方面很重要。了解 Dmc1 的独特性质，即区分它与 Rad51 的特征，将进一步阐明减数分裂重组的机制。最近的结构、生化和遗传发现，正在揭示 Dmc1 介导的同源重组及其受各种重组介体调控的分子机制。
