Bao Y, Li X, Liu S, Cui F, Wang H
Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 China.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2009;126(4):390-5. doi: 10.1159/000266169. Epub 2009 Dec 11.
A partial amphiploid, TE253, derived from crosses between the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Yannong 15 and Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey was characterized by cytogenetic observations, disease resistance tests and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Mitotic observations showed that most plants of TE253 had 56 chromosomes, but a few had 54 or 55 chromosomes. The chromosomes in most pollen mother cells of plants with 2n = 56 formed 28 bivalents. Univalents (0.89 per cell) and tetravalents (0.087 per cell) occasionally occurred at meiotic metaphase I, showing a high degree of cytogenetic stability. After inoculation with the powdery mildew and stripe rust pathogens, Yannong 15 was highly susceptible, whereas TE253 and Th. intermedium were immune to both diseases. This indicated that the resistance of TE253 to powdery mildew and stripe rust was derived from Th. intermedium. GISH analysis using St-genomic DNA from Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb) A. Löve as a probe and ABD-genomic DNA from Chinese Spring wheat as a blocker demonstrated that TE253 consisted of 2 St-genome chromosomes, 8 J(S)-genome chromosomes, 2 SAT J chromosomes and 2 J-St translocated chromosomes. Line TE253 is a new partial amphiploid with resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust and can be used as a source of resistance genes in wheat improvement.
一个部分双二倍体TE253，由普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种烟农15与中间偃麦草（Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey）杂交获得，通过细胞遗传学观察、抗病性测试和基因组原位杂交（GISH）对其进行了特征分析。有丝分裂观察表明，TE253的大多数植株有56条染色体，但少数有54条或55条染色体。2n = 56的植株的大多数花粉母细胞中的染色体形成28个二价体。在减数分裂中期I偶尔会出现单价体（每个细胞0.89个）和四价体（每个细胞0.087个），显示出高度的细胞遗传学稳定性。接种白粉病和条锈病病原体后，烟农15高度感病，而TE253和中间偃麦草对这两种病害均免疫。这表明TE253对白粉病和条锈病的抗性源自中间偃麦草。以来自拟鹅观草（Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb) A. Löve）的St基因组DNA为探针、中国春小麦的ABD基因组DNA为封阻进行的GISH分析表明，TE253由2条St基因组染色体、8条J(S)基因组染色体、2条SAT J染色体和2条J-St易位染色体组成。TE253株系是一个对白粉病和条锈病均有抗性的新的部分双二倍体，可作为小麦改良中抗性基因的来源。
