Post-Graduate Course in Medical Sciences and Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Atmospheric Pollution, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Jan;22(1):84-8. doi: 10.3109/08958370902936931.
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of particulate matter (PM) inhalation on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It has been reported that air pollution may affect the central nervous system and decrease cognitive function. In rats, residual oil fly ash (ROFA) instillation causes decreased motor activity and increased lipid peroxidation in the striatum and the cerebellum. Our objective was to determine whether chronic instillation of particles induces changes in learning and memory in rats and whether oxidants in the hippocampus may contribute to these adverse effects. Forty-five-day-old male Wistar rats were exposed to ROFA by intranasal instillation and were treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at 150 mg/kg i.p. for 30 days. Control groups were exposed to ROFA, NAC, or neither. On days 1, 8, and 30 of the protocol, rats were submitted to the open field test to evaluate habituation. After the last open field session, the rats were killed by decapitation. The hippocampus was used to determine lipid peroxidation (LP) by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances test. ROFA instillation induced an increase in LP in the hippocampus compared to all treatment groups (p = .012). NAC treatment blocked these changes. All of the treatment groups presented a decrease in the frequency of peripheral walking (p = .001), rearing (p = .001), and exploration (p = .001) over time. Our study demonstrates that exposure to particles for 30 days and/or NAC treatment do not modify habituation to an open field, a simple form of learning and memory in rats, and that oxidative damage induced by ROFA does not modulate these processes.
流行病学研究表明，颗粒物（PM）吸入对呼吸系统和心血管系统有不良影响。据报道，空气污染可能会影响中枢神经系统并降低认知功能。在大鼠中，残余油飞灰（ROFA）滴注会导致纹状体和小脑运动活性降低和脂质过氧化增加。我们的目的是确定颗粒的慢性滴注是否会导致大鼠学习和记忆发生变化，以及海马中的氧化剂是否会促成这些不利影响。45 天大的雄性 Wistar 大鼠通过鼻腔滴注暴露于 ROFA，并接受腹腔内注射 N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）150mg/kg，共 30 天。对照组暴露于 ROFA、NAC 或两者都不暴露。在方案的第 1、8 和 30 天，大鼠接受旷场测试以评估习惯化。在最后一次旷场测试后，大鼠被断头处死。海马用于通过硫代巴比妥酸反应物质试验测定脂质过氧化（LP）。与所有治疗组相比，ROFA 滴注诱导海马中的 LP 增加（p=0.012）。NAC 处理阻止了这些变化。所有治疗组的外周行走频率（p=0.001）、后肢站立（p=0.001）和探索（p=0.001）均随时间减少。我们的研究表明，暴露于颗粒 30 天和/或 NAC 处理不会改变大鼠对旷场的习惯化，旷场是一种简单的学习和记忆形式，而 ROFA 诱导的氧化损伤不会调节这些过程。
