Coulter I D
Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991 Jan;14(1):51-8.
This article presents a critique of the concept of marginal role as applied to chiropractors by examining the area of structural role theory from which the concept has been drawn. It suggests that the concept role was itself a reified concept and that its "metaphorical extension" to cover chiropractors constitutes a double jeopardy for health scientists. However, since all concepts are initially metaphorical ones, a methodology is required for distinguishing illegitimate from legitimate usage of metaphors, and reified from nonreified metaphors. Such a methodology establishes that: the metaphorical basis of the concepts has been lost; Researchers are using the concept role in realist terms; the metaphor has a related set of assumptions that are undefended and unexplained by role theorists and that have therefore gone "underground"; and the metaphor leaves out (suppresses) readily available evidence about the individual and society (i.e., is ideological in motive). Further, the article relates this process of theoretical reification to the broader social process of reification. It suggests that a sociology that proceeds in this way contributes significantly to the process of ideological hegemony, and in this instance, to medical dominance.
本文通过审视结构角色理论领域(“边缘角色”概念即从中衍生而来),对应用于脊椎按摩师的“边缘角色”概念进行了批判。文章指出,“角色”概念本身就是一个被物化的概念,其“隐喻性扩展”以涵盖脊椎按摩师,对健康科学家来说构成了双重风险。然而,由于所有概念最初都是隐喻性的,因此需要一种方法来区分隐喻的非法使用与合法使用,以及被物化的隐喻与未被物化的隐喻。这样一种方法表明:这些概念的隐喻基础已经丧失;研究人员正在以现实主义的方式使用“角色”概念;该隐喻有一系列相关假设,而角色理论家并未对其进行辩护或解释,因此这些假设已“转入地下”;并且该隐喻忽略(压制)了关于个人和社会的现成证据(即动机上具有意识形态性)。此外,本文将这种理论物化过程与更广泛的社会物化过程联系起来。文章认为,以这种方式进行的社会学研究对意识形态霸权进程有重大贡献,在这种情况下,对医学主导地位也有重大贡献。