Knudsen H K, Oser C B
Department of Behavioral Science and Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, KY, USA.
AIDS Care. 2009 Oct;21(10):1238-46. doi: 10.1080/09540120902803182.
Given that alcohol and drug abuse heightens the risk of adolescents acquiring HIV, substance abuse treatment programs for youths may represent an important site of HIV prevention. In this research, we explored the adoption of three HIV-related health services: risk assessment during intake, HIV prevention programing, and HIV testing. Data were collection through telephone interviews with 149 managers of adolescent-only substance abuse treatment programs in the USA. About half of these programs had adopted HIV risk assessment and HIV prevention. On-site HIV testing was less widely adopted, with only one in four programs offering this service. At the bivariate level, the availability of on-site primary medical care and the availability of an overnight level of care were positively associated with these three types of services. The association for the measure of an overnight level of care was no longer significant once medical services were controlled. However, in a separate analysis, it was found that programs offering an overnight level of care were much more likely to offer on-site medical care than outpatient-only facilities. There was also evidence that publicly funded treatment programs were more likely to offer HIV prevention and on-site HIV testing, after controlling for other organizational characteristics. Much more research about the adoption of HIV-related services in adolescent substance abuse treatment is needed, particularly to offer greater insight into why certain types of organizations are more likely to adopt these health services.
鉴于酒精和药物滥用会增加青少年感染艾滋病毒的风险，针对青少年的药物滥用治疗项目可能是预防艾滋病毒的重要场所。在这项研究中，我们探讨了三种与艾滋病毒相关的健康服务的采用情况：入院时的风险评估、艾滋病毒预防项目以及艾滋病毒检测。通过对美国149家专门针对青少年的药物滥用治疗项目的管理人员进行电话访谈收集数据。这些项目中约有一半采用了艾滋病毒风险评估和艾滋病毒预防措施。现场艾滋病毒检测的采用率较低，只有四分之一的项目提供这项服务。在双变量层面，现场初级医疗服务的可获得性和过夜护理服务的可获得性与这三种服务呈正相关。一旦对医疗服务进行控制，过夜护理服务这一指标的相关性就不再显著。然而，在另一项分析中发现，提供过夜护理服务的项目比仅提供门诊服务的机构更有可能提供现场医疗服务。也有证据表明，在控制了其他组织特征后，由公共资金资助的治疗项目更有可能提供艾滋病毒预防和现场艾滋病毒检测。关于青少年药物滥用治疗中艾滋病毒相关服务采用情况的研究还需要更多，特别是要更深入地了解为什么某些类型的组织更有可能采用这些健康服务。
