Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre, University Leipzig, Germany.
Cytometry A. 2010 Jan;77(1):6-10. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.20844.
Stem cells have turned into promising tools for studying the mechanisms of development, regeneration, and for cell therapy of various disorders. Stem cells are found in the embryo and in most adult tissues participating in endogenous tissue regeneration. They are capable of autorenovation, often maintain their multipotency of differentiation into various tissues of their germ line and are, therefore, ideal candidates for cellular therapy taken that they can be unequivocally identified and isolated. In this review, we report stem cell marker expression used for identification of various stem cell lineages, including very small embryonic stem cells, neural, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, epithelial and limbal epithelial stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, supra-adventitial adipose stromal cells, adipose pericytes, and cancer stem cells. These cells usually cannot be distinguished by a single stem cell marker, because their expression partially overlaps between lineages. Recent advances in flow cytometry allowing the simultaneous detection of various markers have facilitated stem cell identification for clinical diagnosis and research. So far experimental evidence suggests the existence of cells with different properties, i.e., the capability to different in various cell types. Several studies indicate that expression of classical markers for stem cell classification, such as CD34, CD45, and CD133, may differ between the virtually same stem and progenitor cells, i.e., endothelial progenitor or mesenchymal stem cells, when they were obtained from different tissues. This finding raises questions whether phenotypic differences are due to the source or if it is only caused by different isolation and experimental conditions.
干细胞已成为研究发育、再生和各种疾病细胞治疗机制的有前途的工具。干细胞存在于胚胎和大多数参与内源性组织再生的成年组织中。它们具有自我更新的能力，通常保持其多能性分化为其生殖系的各种组织，因此是细胞治疗的理想候选者，因为它们可以明确识别和分离。在这篇综述中，我们报告了用于鉴定各种干细胞谱系的干细胞标志物的表达，包括非常小的胚胎干细胞、神经、造血、间充质、上皮和角膜缘上皮干细胞、内皮祖细胞、上血管脂肪基质细胞、脂肪周细胞和癌症干细胞。这些细胞通常不能通过单个干细胞标志物来区分，因为它们的表达在谱系之间部分重叠。最近在流式细胞术中的进展允许同时检测各种标志物，这使得干细胞的鉴定更加方便，可用于临床诊断和研究。到目前为止，实验证据表明存在具有不同特性的细胞，即具有在不同细胞类型中分化的能力。几项研究表明，经典的干细胞分类标志物的表达，如 CD34、CD45 和 CD133，可能在来自不同组织的实际上相同的干细胞和祖细胞（例如内皮祖细胞或间充质干细胞）之间存在差异。这一发现提出了一个问题，即表型差异是由于来源还是仅仅是由于不同的分离和实验条件造成的。
