苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株对熊蜂（Bombus terrestris）生存、繁殖和觅食行为的影响。

Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis strains on survival, reproduction and foraging behaviour in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris).

机构信息

Laboratory of Cellular Genetics, Department of Biology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.

出版信息

Pest Manag Sci. 2010 May;66(5):520-5. doi: 10.1002/ps.1902.

DOI:10.1002/ps.1902

PMID:20024947

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its protein crystals are used worldwide, either as a spray or when expressed in transgenic crops, for the control of pest insects. However, owing to their intensive use, there exists a debate regarding the involvement of this microbial insecticide in bee colony losses. In this study, in a tiered approach using laboratory microcolonies, an evaluation was made of the potential lethal and sublethal hazards on colony reproduction and foraging behaviour of workers of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L.) of two commercial Bt strains: kurstaki (Dipel) and aizawai (Xentari). Bumblebees, like honey bees, are intensively used in modern agriculture for pollination and fulfil a crucial role in the natural ecosystem.

RESULTS

Exposure of bumblebees dermally or via treated pollen to either of the two Bt formulations at their field recommended rates (0.1%) caused no reduction in survival. However, when applied in the feeding sugar water, aizawai killed all workers at a concentration of 0.1%, but this lethal effect was lost at 0.01%. With respect to reproductive effects, kurstaki was harmless, while aizawai at 0.1% delivered in the feeding sugar water and pollen reduced reproduction by 100 and 31% respectively. Lower doses of 0.01% aizawai in the sugar water showed no more effect. In addition, kurstaki at 0.1% and aizawai at 0.01% in the feeding sugar water did not impair the foraging behaviour, resulting in normal nest colony performance.

CONCLUSION

The results with kurstaki and aizawai demonstrated that, in general, the Bt strains are safe to B. terrestris bumblebees, although in some cases there were detrimental effects that depended on strain and route of exposure. In addition, the authors believe that to draw firm conclusions regarding the hazards of Bt to bumblebees would require more information on relevant concentrations of Bt products in the environment. Hence, routine testing for lethal and sublethal effects is recommended to ascertain combined use of Bt products and bumblebees in modern agriculture.

摘要

背景

苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）及其蛋白晶体被广泛用于全球范围内，无论是作为喷雾剂还是在转基因作物中表达，用于控制害虫。然而，由于其大量使用，人们对这种微生物杀虫剂是否参与蜜蜂种群损失存在争议。在这项研究中，我们采用分层方法，使用实验室微群落，评估了两种商业 Bt 菌株：kurstaki（Dipel）和 aizawai（Xentari）对熊蜂 Bombus terrestris（L.）的潜在致死和亚致死危害，包括对蜂群繁殖和工蜂觅食行为的影响。与蜜蜂一样，熊蜂在现代农业中被广泛用于授粉，并在自然生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。

结果

将两种 Bt 制剂中的任一种以其田间推荐剂量（0.1%）通过皮肤或经处理的花粉暴露于熊蜂，均不会导致其存活率降低。然而，当将其应用于喂食糖水时，aizawai 以 0.1%的浓度杀死了所有工蜂，但这种致死作用在 0.01%时消失。关于生殖影响，kurstaki 是无害的，而 aizawai 在 0.1%的喂食糖水中以及花粉中分别使繁殖减少了 100%和 31%。在糖水中使用较低剂量的 0.01% aizawai 则没有更多效果。此外，在喂食糖水中，kurstaki 为 0.1%，aizawai 为 0.01%，均不会损害觅食行为，从而使巢群表现正常。

结论

kurstaki 和 aizawai 的结果表明，一般来说，Bt 菌株对熊蜂是安全的，尽管在某些情况下，存在取决于菌株和暴露途径的有害影响。此外，作者认为，要确定 Bt 对熊蜂的危害，需要更多关于环境中 Bt 产品的相关浓度的信息。因此，建议常规测试致死和亚致死影响，以确定 Bt 产品和熊蜂在现代农业中的联合使用。