Department of Psychology, The University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
J Neuroendocrinol. 2010 Feb;22(2):141-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01945.x. Epub 2009 Dec 15.
The steroid, 17beta-oestradiol (E(2)) has pervasive psychological and physical effects throughout the lifespan. The question arises as to whether there are divergent oestrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanisms for these effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery. This review focuses on results of studies using a whole animal model (i.e. female rats and mice) to investigate the relative effects and mechanisms of oestrogens in the CNS and the periphery. By using this approach, it has been possible to differentiate the enhancing effects of E(2) on behavioural processes mediated by the hippocampus, such as affective behaviour, and the trophic effects that increase tumourigenesis and uterine growth. Studies using pharmacological manipulations and knockout mice suggest that a likely mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of E(2) for hippocampal function (but not proliferative effects in the body) involves actions at ERbeta, changes in cell cycle/division (e.g. cyclin D1) and/or histone modifications. Thus, it may be possible to differentiate the beneficial effects of oestrogens through ERbeta, particularly in the CNS, from the negative proliferative effects on peripheral, E(2)-sensitive tissues.
甾体，17β-雌二醇（E（2））在整个生命周期中对中枢神经系统（CNS）和外周组织都具有普遍的心理和生理影响。问题是，中枢神经系统和外周组织中是否存在雌激素受体（ER）介导的这些作用的不同机制。这篇综述重点介绍了使用整体动物模型（即雌性大鼠和小鼠）研究雌激素在中枢神经系统和外周组织中的相对作用和机制的研究结果。通过使用这种方法，可以区分 E（2）对海马体介导的行为过程的增强作用，例如情感行为，以及增加肿瘤发生和子宫生长的营养作用。使用药理学操作和敲除小鼠的研究表明，E（2）对海马体功能有益作用的潜在机制（但对身体的增殖作用没有影响）涉及 ERβ的作用、细胞周期/分裂的变化（例如，细胞周期蛋白 D1）和/或组蛋白修饰。因此，通过 ERβ 区分雌激素的有益作用，特别是在中枢神经系统中，可能与外周组织中 E（2）敏感组织的负面增殖作用不同。
