Hanbauer Ingeborg, Rivero-Covelo Ignacio, Maloku Ekrem, Baca Adam, Hu Qiaoyan, Hibbeln Joseph R, Davis John M
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol. 2009;2009:867041. doi: 10.1155/2009/867041. Epub 2009 Sep 16.
Feeding mice, over 3 generations, an equicaloric diet in which alpha-linolenic acid, the dietary precursor of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was substituted by linoleic acid, the dietary precursor of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, significantly increased body weight throughout life when compared with standard diet-fed mice. Adipogenesis observed in the low n-3 fatty acid mice was accompanied by a 6-fold upregulation of stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), whose activity is correlated to plasma triglyceride levels. In total liver lipid and phospholipid extracts, the sum of n-3 fatty acids and the individual longer carbon chain acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) were significantly decreased whereas arachidonic acid (20:4n6) was significantly increased. In addition, low n-3 fatty acid-fed mice had liver steatosis, heart, and kidney hypertrophy. Hence, reducing dietary alpha-linolenic acid, from 1.02 energy % to 0.16 energy % combined with raising linoleic acid intake resulted in obesity and had detrimental consequences on organ function.
在超过三代的时间里，给小鼠喂食一种热量相等的饮食，其中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的膳食前体α-亚麻酸被n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的膳食前体亚油酸所替代。与喂食标准饮食的小鼠相比，这种饮食显著增加了小鼠一生的体重。在低n-3脂肪酸小鼠中观察到的脂肪生成伴随着硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1（Scd1）上调6倍，其活性与血浆甘油三酯水平相关。在肝脏总脂质和磷脂提取物中，n-3脂肪酸以及单个较长碳链酸二十碳五烯酸（20:5n3）、二十二碳五烯酸（22:5n3）和二十二碳六烯酸（22:6n3）的总和显著降低，而花生四烯酸（20:4n6）显著增加。此外，喂食低n-3脂肪酸的小鼠出现肝脂肪变性、心脏和肾脏肥大。因此，将膳食中的α-亚麻酸从1.02能量%降至0.16能量%并同时提高亚油酸摄入量会导致肥胖，并对器官功能产生有害影响。
