Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Infant Behav Dev. 2010 Feb;33(1):79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.11.003. Epub 2009 Dec 23.
Phillips et al. (2002) suggest that by 12-14 months, infants can use a person's emotional and attentional cues to predict that person's actions. However, this work was conducted using only positive emotions, which is problematic because attention and positive emotions lead to the same prediction about a person's actions, thus leaving unclear whether infants made predictions based upon attention and emotion or attention alone. To get around this problem, we used both positive and negative emotions in a looking-time paradigm to investigate whether 14-month-old infants can use emotional cues to predict a person's actions. The findings suggest that infants used attentional but not emotional cues as predictors. We argue that while 14-month-olds can use another person's emotion cues to modify their own behavior (as in social referencing situations), they do not yet use them robustly to predict the other's behavior.
菲利普斯等人（2002）提出，到 12-14 个月大时，婴儿可以利用他人的情绪和注意力线索来预测那个人的行为。然而，这项工作仅使用了积极的情绪，这是有问题的，因为注意力和积极的情绪会导致对一个人行为的相同预测，从而不清楚婴儿是基于注意力和情绪还是仅基于注意力做出预测。为了解决这个问题，我们在一个注视时间范式中使用了积极和消极情绪，以调查 14 个月大的婴儿是否可以使用情绪线索来预测一个人的行为。研究结果表明，婴儿使用了注意力而不是情绪线索作为预测指标。我们认为，虽然 14 个月大的婴儿可以使用另一个人的情绪线索来调整自己的行为（如在社会参照情境中），但他们还没有强大到可以用它们来准确预测他人的行为。
